Carbonized plant remains from the Late Bronze Age site Kalnik-Igrišče

U ovom su radu analizirani arheobotanički uzorci sakupljeni 2007. i 2008. godine iz kasnobrončanodobne nastambe s lokaliteta Kalnik-Igrišče. Ukupno je determinirano 69103 karboniziranih plodova, sjemenki i drugih biljnih ostataka. Čak 78 % nalaza čine žitarice (Panicum miliaceum, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon, T. aestivum ssp. aestivum., T. monococcum ssp. monococcum, Setaria italica, Secale cereale i Avena sp.). Mahunarke (Vicia faba, Lens culinaris i cf. Pisum sativum) čine 20 % nalaza, a po 1 % čine korisne divlje vrste (Malus sylvestris, Quercus sp. i Cornus mas) i korovne primjese usjeva (Bromus secalinus, Galium aparine i dr.). U radu je napravljena usporedba arheobotaničkih nalaza s Kalnik-Igrišča s drugim sličnim brončanodobnim lokalitetima u Hrvatskoj i susjednim zemljama te su potvrđene sličnosti na cijelom području. Kako bi se utvrdio utjecaj vlažne predobrade uzoraka (flotacije i vlažnog ispiranja preko sita) na karbonizirane biljne ostatke, uzete su unaprijed određene količine makrofosila pšenice, ječma, prosa, boba i leće te su u pokusu tretirane vodom. Tretmanu su podvrgnuti također laboratorijski karbonizirani uzorci ječma, leće i prosa. Nakon tretmana, uzorci su ponovno brojani i zabilježen je postotak oštećenja pojedine vrste, pojedinom metodom. Učinjene su usporedbe osjetljivosti pojedinih vrsta i razlike u stupnju oštećenja ovisno o metodi predobrade. Zaključeno je da je flotacije manje agresivna metoda te da su pšenice, ječam i bob vrste koje su otporne na vlažnu predobradu, dok je postotak raspada kod leće i prosa veći od 30 % (kod uzoraka s arheoloških nalazišta), što bi svakako trebalo uzimati u obzir prilikom odlučivanja o ne)korištenju vlažne predobrade.Samples analyzed in this paper were taken during the excavations in the years 2007 and 2008 from the Late Bronze Age house on the Kalnik-Igrišče site. In total 69 103 carbonized fruits, seeds and other plant remains were examined. The cereals (Panicum miliaceum, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon, T. aestivum ssp. aestivum., T. monococcum ssp. monococcum, Setaria italica, Secale cereale and Avena sp.). were the most numerous with 82 % of the total number of found remains. Legumes (Vicia faba, Lens culinaris and cf. Pisum sativum) do 20%, weeds (Bromus secalinus, Galium aparine etc.) and useful wild species (Malus sylvestris, Quercus sp. and Cornus mas) 1 % of all found macroremains. In this paper, comparison is made between archeobotanical records of Kalnik-Igrišče site and other similar Bronze Age sites in Croatia and neighboring countries. This comparison shows many similarities in the whole area. In order to determine the influence of moist pretreatments (flotation and wet sieving) on carbonized plant remains, predetermined amount of wheat, barley, millet, beans and lentils macrofossils were taken and were treated with water. Treatments were also applied to samples of barley, millet and lentils carbonized in laboratory. After treatments, the samples were re-counted and the percentage of damage for every plant species and for each method were recorded. Comparisons were made on the sensitivity of individual species and the differences in the degree of damage depending on the method of pretreatment. It was concluded that the flotation is less aggressive method than wet sieving and that wheat, barley and beans are resistant to moist pretreatments, while the breakup percentage of lenses and millet (from real archeological site) is higher than 30 % and should be taken into account when deciding on the (non)use of moist pretreatments in investigations