NEOCONSERVATIVE MOVEMENTS AND ABORTION ON DEMAND IN CROATIA

Istraživanja i iskustva raznih zemalja ukazuju na negativne posljedice restrikcija vezanih uz seksualna i reproduktivna prava u vidu neželjenih trudnoća, nesigurnih prekida trudnoće te opasnosti po zdravlje. Nakon Međunarodne konferencije o populaciji i razvoju u Kairu i Četvrte svjetske konferencije o ženama u Pekingu uslijedio je trend liberalizacije zakona koji se bave pitanjima reproduktivnih prava u brojnim zemljama. Ovom trendu suprotstavili su se neokonzervativni akteri. Neokonzervativni pokret vrlo je organiziran te koristi razne tehnike kojima nastoji ograničiti seksualna i reproduktivna prava građana i građanki. U Hrvatskoj je na snazi zakon iz 1978. godine koji dopušta prekid trudnoće na zahtjev žene do 10. tjedna nakon začeća. Nakon kraha socijalizma taj se zakon propituje te se tijekom 1990tih godina javljaju inicijative kojima se pokušava restriktivnije urediti pitanje prekida trudnoće, dok nakon 2000. godine, posebice s intenziviranjem europskih integracijskih procesa, politike idu u smjeru izgradnje opsežnijeg institucionalnog i zakonodavnog okvira na području politika rodne ravnopravnosti. Međutim, dolazi i do jačanja neokonzervativnog pokreta koji je aktivan po pitanju obrazovanja o seksualnom i reproduktivnom zdravlju, prava seksualnih manjina te prekida trudnoće. Jedna od posljedica njegova djelovanja jest sve teže dostupan, iako još uvijek legalan, prekid trudnoće u Hrvatskoj.Research and experiences of various countries indicate negative effects of restrictions of sexual and reproductive rights, such as the unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and health hazards. International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 1994 and the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 were followed by the trend of liberalization of the laws dealing with reproductive rights in many countries. This trend was opposed by the neoconservative actors. Neoconservative movement is highly organized and uses a variety of techniques which seek to limit sexual and reproductive rights of citizens. The 1978 law that is currently in force in Croatia permits abortion on demand by women up to 10 weeks after the conception. After the collapse of socialism this law was disputed. During the 1990s some initiatives attempted to regulate this issue more restrictively, while after 2000, especially with the intensification of the European integration process, policies have aimed at building a more comprehensive institutional and legislative framework in the field of gender equality. However, the neoconservative movement that is active on the issue of education on sexual and reproductive health, sexual minority rights and abortion, is gaining strength. One of the consequences of its actions is making abortion more difficult to access, although it still remains legal in Croatia