Comparative immunology of vertebrates

Razumijevanje fiziologije i imunologije limfnog sustava onemogućeno je bez poznavanja osnovne građe samih organa. Primordiji limfomijeloidnog tkiva epitelnog (Fabrisiusova bursa i timus) ili mezenhimalnog porijekla (slezena, limfni čvorovi i koštana srž) koloniziraju se krvotvornim hematopoetskim stanicama. U slučaju središnjih limfnih organa, hematopoetske stanice ulaze u inicijalne klastere embrionskih stanica i razvijaju se kako bi postale imunološki kompetentne B- i T-stanice. Imunološki zrele stanice ulaze u optok krvi i koloniziraju periferne limfne organe. Komparativna imunologija rezultatima svih provedenih istraživanja na pojedinim svojtama unutar koljena Vertebrata sugerira znatnu evoluciju i kontinuitet razvoja krucijalnih komponenti limfnog sustava. Interperitirano u skladu sa biogenetskimzakonom u kojem je ontogeneza kratka rekapitulacija filogeneze, obilježja primitivnih vrsta predstavljaju indicije imunologije i fiziologije sisavaca, a posebice ljudi.Understanding the physiology and immunology of the lymphoid system is handicapped without knowledge of its basic structure. Lymphomyeloid tissues develop from epithelial (bursa of Fabricius and thymus) or mesenchymal (spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow) anlages which are colonized by blood-borne haematopoietic cells. In the case of central lymphoid organs, haematopoietic stem cells enter the bursal or thymic anlages and develop to become immunologically competent B and T cells. Immunologically mature cells enter the circulation and colonize the peripheral lymphoid organs. In comparative immunology, results of all conducted researches on unit taxonomic groups within subphylum Vertebrata, suggest a considerable evolution and continuous development of crucial lymphoid structures. Interpreted in accordance with the biogenic law which claims that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, features of primitive species represent clues to immunology and physiology in mammals, especially humans