Psychological care as a therapeutic procedure in nursing

Danas sve više uočavamo razlike između vještina potrebnih za njegu tijela bolesnika i onih vještina potrebnih za psihološke aspekte bolesnika, potrebe koje direktno utječu na osjećaje, misli i ponašanje ljudi. Interes mi je bio opisati termin „psihološka njega“ kao vrednovani administrativni terapijski postupak koji provode prvostupnice sestrinstva, diplomirane psihijatrijske sestre te magistre sestrinstva u praksi. Medicinske sestre sastavni su dio terapijskog tima, a jedinstvene su u podupiranju bolesnog čovjeka, one postepeno izgrađuju i nadograđuju dijalog s bolesnikom te razvijaju interpersonalne odnose. Opažaju što je bolesnicima najvažnije, a što im je nedostatno, kako oni sebe doživljavaju, kako razni odnosi utječu na njih. Kako bi medicinske sestre pružale psihološku njegu potrebno je zadovoljiti nekoliko kriterija; osigurati mjesto, vrijeme i tim. Vrlo su važne i osobne kvalitete medicinske sestre kao što su: intuicija, samosvjesnost, empatijski kapacitet te izgradnja odnosa od povjerenja. Kako bi unaprjeđivale interpersonalni odnos s bolesnikom moraju praktično razvijati naučena znanja i vještine psihološke procjene, savjetovanja, pružanja informacija, verbalne i neverbalne komunikacije, vještine učenja i pamćenja, prepoznavanje transfera i kontratransfera. Ciljna skupina bolesnika na kojima bi se administrativno bilježio postupak „psihološke njege“ su palijativni, psihijatrijski i onkološki bolesnici, iako je potreba za psihološkom njegom prisutna kod svih bolesnika. Krajnji željeni ishod terapijskog postupka „psihološka njega“ jest da ona dobije ulogu i značaj te implementaciju u praksi. Medicinske sestre sa petogodišnjim studijem mogu svojim kompetencijama osigurati profesionalni psihološki pristup bolesnicima.The differences between physical care skills and those required for patinets mental well-being, needs that directly affect patients feelings, thoughts and behaviour, are becoming more and more apparent. With this thesis I wanted to define the term "psychological care" as a valued administrative therapeutic procedure carried out by nursing graduates, graduate psychiatric nurses and masters of nursing practice. Nurses are an integral part of any treatment team, and are unique in supporting an illhealth, they gradually establish and build a dialogue with the patient and develop interpersonal relationships. They perceive what is most important to patients and what they lack, the way they see themselves and how various concerns affect them. Nurses providing psychological care need a working environment that meets a number of criteria; a place, time and team. Personal qualities of a nurse such as: intuition, self-awareness, empathy and building relationships of trust are also very important. To achieve an interpersonal relationship with a patient a nurse must develop practical knowledge and gain skills as psychological assessment, counseling, information provision, verbal and nonverbal communication, learning and memory skills, identifying transference and counter transference. The target group of patients that would be administratively recorded for the of procedure "psychological care" are palliative, psychiatric and oncology patients, although the need for psychological care is present with all patients. The ultimate desired outcome of the therapeutic procedure "psychological care" is that it gets a role, importance and implementation in practice. Nurses that completed a five-year study are able to insure a professional psychological approach to patients using their competencies