Participacija učenika u srednjim školama

Cilj ovog rada je ispitati percepciju i iskustvo učenika srednjih škola u ostvarivanju participativnih prava u školi. Svrha i praktična vrijednost istraživanja ogleda se u stjecanju uvida u percepciju učenika srednjih škola o tome koliko oni sami, ali i drugi učenici njihove škole sudjeluju u životu škole te koliko su uključeni u proces donošenja odluka u školi. Istraživanje se sastojalo od nekoliko faza. U prvim fazama se, na temelju dotadašnjih spoznaja o temi, kreirao upitnik kojim se ispitivala razina participacije u školi. Potom je upitnik provjeren putem fokus grupa s dvije grupe učenika u dvije zagrebačke srednje škole (gimnazija i četverogodišnja strukovna). Nakon dorade, upitnik je objavljen u elektronskoj verziji te su se sudionici prikupljali putem društvenih mreža i u suradnji sa stručnim suradnicima iz nekoliko gimnazija u Hrvatskoj. Ukupan broj sudionika koji su sudjelovali u ovom istraživanju je 528. Većina sudionika u trenutku ispunjavanja upitnika pohađala je gimnazije, te se većinom radilo o ženskim sudionicama. Rezultati pokazuju da učenici smatraju da više participiraju u pitanjima oko donošenja odluka koje se izravno tiču učenika (školski izleti i fizičko uređenje škole). Također, smatraju da nastavnici u njihovoj školi poštuju prava učenika, potiču ih na razmišljanje o vlastitom uspjehu te primjećuju aktivno sudjelovanje i pohvaljuju. Manje participiraju u pitanjima oko uređenja unutarnjeg ustroja škole (pravila i Kućni red škole, raspored i sl.), kao i u procesu izricanja pohvala i disciplinskih mjera. Čak dvije trećine učenika nije zadovoljno vlastitom aktivnošću u školi. Većina sudionika upućena je u postojanje vijeća učenika u njihovoj školi, ali smatraju da vijeća uglavnom nemaju utjecaj na donošenje odluka u školi. Preporuke za unapređenje participacije u školi su uvođenje više participativnih metoda rada na nastavi, rad na poboljšanju odnosa učenici-nastavnici te korištenje potencijala koji posjeduju vijeća učenika u školi.This thesis' objective is to investigate the perception and experience of highschool students in achieving their rights for participation in school. The purpose and the practical value of this research reflects in getting insight of highschool students' perception about their own and their peers' participation in school life and their inclusion in the decision-making process in school. The research was divided in few fases. First, based on today's knowledge about the topic, questionnaire for testing level of participation in school was formed. Then it was tested on focus groups with two groups of students in two highschools in Zagreb (gymnasium and 4-year vocational school). After some alternations, the questionnaire was published in digital form and participats were reached through social networks and in collaboration with professional associates from few gymnasiums in Croatia. Final number of participants in this research is 528. In the moment of filling up the questionnaire, most of them went to gymnasium and they were mostly female participants. The results show that students consider themselves more participating in making decisions that are related directly to the life of students (school trips and physical arrangement of school environment). Also, they think that teachers respect their rights, encourage them to think about their own success, notice their activities and compliment them. They participate less in changes regarding arrangement of interior school structure (general rules, school rules, schedule and similar) and also in processes of giving rewards for prosocial behaviour and academic achievement, as well as determininig discipline measures. Even two thirds of students aren't satisfied with their own activity in school. Most of the participants acknowledge the existence of Students´ councils in their school, but they think that councils in general don't have any influence in decision-making process in school. In order to promote participation in school the recommendation is to introduce more participative work methods in class, to work on improving students-teacher relations and to use potencials of Students´ councils