Role of aflatoxins and HBV infection in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocelularni karcinom (HCC) je treći uzročnik smrti od raka u svijetu i šesti po učestalosti. Kao jedan od faktora koji uzrokuju HCC bitan je virus hepatitisa B. Mehanizmi njegovog djelovanja u hepatokarcinogenezi su: integacija DNA, djelovanje viralnog proteina X (HBx) i oštećivanje stanica jetre što uzrokuje njihovu smrt te potrebu za ubrzanim umnoţavanjem. Aflatoksini su sekundarni produkti plijesni iz roda Aspergillus. Posebno je karcinogen spoj aflatoksin B1 čiji metaboliti u organizmu uzrokuju oštećenja DNA posebice ser249 mutaciju p53 proteina koji je antionkogen. Virus hepatitisa B i aflatoksini djeluju sinergistički u nastajanju hepatocelularnog karcinoma međutim pravi mehanizmi te sinergije još nisu otkriveni do kraja.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer death in the world and the sixth most common. As one of the factors that cause HCC is a hepatitis B infection. The mechanisms of its action in hepatocarcinogenesis are: DNA integrations, acting viral protein X (HBx) and damage to the liver cells causing their death and the need for rapid multiplication. Aflatoxins are secondary products of molds of the genus Aspergillus. Especially carcinogen aflatoxin B1 which metabolites in the body causing DNA damage especially ser249 mutation of p53 protein that is tumor suppressor gene. The hepatitis B virus and aflatoxins act synergistically in causing hepatocellular carcinoma, however, the proper mechanisms and synergies are yet to be discovered