The role of parents in language and speech development of a child of preschool age

Jezično-govorni razvoj započinje djetetovim roĎenjem. Usporedo s jezično-govornim razvojem kod djeteta se odvija proces opismenjavanja koji započinje pojavom rane pismenosti. Roditelji kao prva djetetova okolina doprinose razvoju jezika i govora i rane pismenosti. Cilj ovog rada je dati prikaz recentne domaće i inozemne literature o utjecaju roditelja na razvoj jezika i govora djeteta predškolske dobi. Rezultati brojnih istraţivanja pokazuju kako verbalna odgovorljivost roditelja od najranije dobi doprinosi jezično-govornom razvoju djece urednog jezičnog razvoja, djece s teškoćama u jezično-govornom razvoju ili djece s rizikom za njihov nastanak. Govor usmjeren djetetu (GUD), ponavljanje i proširivanje djetetovog iskaza, postavljanje pitanja, opisivanje radnji i razgovaranje o prošlim dogaĎajima i druge strategije doprinose jezično-govornom razvoju djeteta predškolske dobi. Strategije kao što su dijaloško čitanje, slušanje glazbe, jezične igre osim što doprinose jezično-govornom razvoju, bitne su za poticanje rane pismenosti. Učinkovitost navedenih strategija verbalne odgovorljivosti roditelja i rane pismenosti u ovisnosti je onjihovoj kvaliteti i kvantiteti, a podrazumijevaslijeĎenje djetetovog interesa u kontekstu igre, kao prirodne okoline i aktivnosti djeteta.Language and speech development begins with the child's birth. Parallel with child's language and speech development begins the process of literacy, which begins with the appearance of early literacy. Parents are the child's first environment who contribute to its development of speech and language and early literacy.The aim of this work was to see the recent domestic and foreign literature on the role of parents in the development of language and speech of preschool children.Results of numerous studies have shown that parental verbal responsiveness from an early age contributes to language and speech development of children with typical language development, children with disorders in language and speech development, or children at risk for their development.Strategies such as child-directed speech, repetition and expansion of the child's production, wh-questions, description of an object, event or activity, and talking about past events contribute to language and speech development of a child of preschool age.Strategies such as dialogic reading, listening to music, language games contribute to language and speech development and are also essential to encourage early literacy.The effectiveness of those strategies of parental verbal responsiveness and early literacy is reflected in their quality and quantity. This means following the child's interests, which are to be performed in the context of play that is child's natural environment and in the context of other child's activities