Determination of potato cyst nematodes in soil samples on locality Belica

Krumpir je jedna od najintenzivnijih ratarskih, ali i općenito poljoprivrednih kultura. U svijetu je krumpir po ukupnoj proizvodnji četvrta kultura, nakon kukuruza, riže i pšenice. Gotovo je neizostavan u svakodnevnoj ljudskoj prehrani, a koristi se i u industrijskoj preradi te ishrani stoke. Posljednjih godina kontinuirano se smanjuje proizvodnja krumpira kao i proizvodne površine. Uzrok tome su visoki troškovi proizvodnje od kojih je najveći zaštita krumpira od štetnika, koja je neizostavna jer bez nje nema intenzivne poljoprivredne proizvodnje koja rezultira visokim prinosima. Tijekom uzgoja krumpira brojni su štetnici koji ga napadaju i snižavaju prinos. Među najvažnijim štetnicima krumpira su fitopatogene nematode od kojih se ističe zlatnožuta krumpirova cistolika nematoda, Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber. Ta nematoda karantenski je štetnik, koji je na području Međimurske i Varaždinske županije ujedno i najvažniji štetnik krumpira. Od 2001., kada je na lokalitetu Belica utvrđena prisutnost ove vrste, u Republici Hrvatskoj provodi se kontinuirani monitoring njenoga rasprostranjena. Cilj ovoga diplomskoga rada je utvrditi prisutnost i brojnost krumpirovih cistolikih nematoda u uzorcima tla prikupljenima na lokalitetu Belica. Postignuti rezultati dat će uvid u omjer vrsta koje se javljaju na uzorkovanoj površini te će biti polazište za određivanje prikladnih mjera suzbijanja ovog štetnika. Uzorci za potrebe analize prikupljeni su na lokalitetu Belica nakon vađenja krumpira. Osušeni su na sobnoj temperaturi te obrađeni Spearsovim uređajem. Izdvojene ciste identificirane su prema morfološkim obilježjima. Prosječan broj cista vrste G. rostochiensis utvrđen u uzorcima iznosio je 449 cista/100 ml tla. Vitalnost cista iznosila je 42,93 jaja i ličinki/g tla čime je prekoračen ekonomski prag štetnosti od 20 jaja i ličinki/g tla. Na uzorkovanoj površini potrebno je provesti integriranu zaštitu krumpira od krumpirovih cistolikih nematoda koja uključuje sve raspoložive mjere: višegodišnji plodored, suzbijanje korova domaćina, primjenu nematocida te sjetvu sorata krumpira otpornih na vrstu G. rostochiensis.Potato is one of the most intense crops that we breed. The world's total production of potatoes places this culture on fourth place, after maize, rice and wheat. It is almost inevitable in the daily human diet, and is also used in industrial processing and cattle feeding. In recent years, the production areas of potato are continuously decreasing. The reason for this is the high cost of production of which potato protection against pests is the largest. Without it there is no intensive agricultural production of potatoes which results in high yields so it is indispensable. During the cultivation of potatoes there are numerous pests that attack it and lower the yield. Among the most important pests of potatoes are pathogenic nematodes, among which stands out the golden yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber. This nematode is a quarantine pest of potatoes, which is in the area of Međimurje and Varaždin county also the most important pest of potatoes. Since 2001, when the presence of these species in the locality Belica was established, they have been subjects of continuous monitoring of its distribution. The aim of this diploma ts is to determine the presence and abundance of potato cyst nematodes in soil samples collected at the locality of Belica. The results obtained will give insight into the proportion of species that occur in the sampled area and will be the starting point for determining the appropriate measures to combat this pest. Samples for analysis were collected at the locality of Belica after harvesting potatoes. The samples were dried at room temperature and processed by Spears device. Featured cysts were identified according to morphological features. The average number of cysts of the species G. rostochiensis was 449 cysts/ 100 ml of soil. Vitality of cysts was 42,93 eggs and larvae/ g soil, which exceeded economic threshold of 20 eggs and larvae/ g of soil. In the sampled area it is necessary to implement the integrated protection of potato cyst nematodes, which includes all available measures: a multi-year crop rotation, weed control, host application nematicide and sowing potato varieties resistant to the type of G. rostochiensis