Policies and role of social work in the protection of persons addicted to psychoactive substances

Cilj ovog rada je dati prikaz pojma i razvoja ovisnosti o psihoaktivnim tvarima, istaknuti važnost uloge obitelji u kontekstu ovisnosti, analizirati programe prevencije, rehabilitacije i resocijalizacije kao i istaknuti važnost uloge socijalnog rada u zaštiti osoba ovisnih o psihoaktivnim tvarima. Pojam ovisnosti uz sebe veže neodoljivu vezanost uz uzimanje psihoaktivnih tvari što dovodi do poremećaja u normalnom mentalnom i tjelesnom djelovanju. Obitelj predstavlja temelj za razvoj socijalnog ponašanja djece i mladih. Značajni faktori koji određuju stav djeteta prema drogama je svakako ponašanje roditelja i kvaliteta međusobne komunikacije članova obitelji. Kritični faktori za nastanak ovisnosti kod djece i mladih su svakako loše slaganje s roditeljima, slaba posvećenost roditelja djeci, nedostatak komunikacije i poremećeni odnosi bračnih partnera. Pozadina delinkventnog ponašanja ovisnika su razni oblici asocijalnog ponašanja i devijantnog načina života različitog intenziteta. Prevencija ovisnosti svakako je moguća i stručnjaci u pravilu razlikuju tri vrste prevencije: primarna, sekundarna i tercijarna. Kroz postupak resocijalizacije i rehabilitacije postiže se ponovno integriranje pojedinca u njegovo društveno okruženje i vraćaju mu se motoričke i ponašajne sposobnosti koje je izgubio za vrijeme ovisnosti o drogama.The goal of our work is to give an overview of the concepts and the development od addiction to psychoactive substances, to emphasise the importance of the role of family in the context of addiction, to analyse programmes for prevention, rehabilitation and resocialisation, as well as emphasize the importance of the role of social work in the protection of persons addicted to psychoactive substances. The concept of addiction is related to irresistible attachment to taking psychoactive substances which leads to disorders in normal psychological and physical activities. A family represents a foundation for the development of social behaviour of children and youth. Importanat factors which determine the attitude of a child toward drugs is certainly the behaviour of parents ond the quality of mutual comminication between members of a family. Critical factors for the creation of addiction in children ond youth is the lack of harmonious relationship with parents, weak commitment of parents to their children and the lack of communication and disturbed relations between marital parents. The background of delinquent behaviour of addicted persons are various forms of asocial behaviour and deviant way of living with differing intensity degrees. Prevention of addiction is certainly possible and experts, as a rule, make dictincion between three types of prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The process of resocialisation and rehabilitation enables renewed integration of individuals to their social milieu, as well as regaining of motoric and behavioural capacities that were lost during period of drug addiction