Induction of pluripotent stem cells

Diferencirane somatske stanice mogu se reprogramirati u pluripotentne matične stanice uvođenjem reprogramirajućih faktora Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 i c-Myc ili Oct3/4, Sox2, Lin28 i Nanog direktno u somatske stanice. Znanstvenici su razvili nekoliko metoda reprogramiranja. Reprogramirajući faktori mogu se unijeti u stanicu kao transgeni pomoću virusnih ili plazmidnih vektora, uz posredstvo malih molekula koje poboljšavaju efikasnost reprogramiranja ili direkto kao rekombinantni proteini. Te metode omogućuju dobivanje pluripotentnih matičnih stanica različitih genetskih profila te bi se stoga mogle koristiti i u terapeutske svrhe. No prije toga potrebno je utvrditi molekularne i funkcionalne razlike između iPS i ES stanica, rasvijetliti mehanizme reprogramiranja i razviti sigurnije i efikasnije protokole indukcije.Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells by introduction of reprogramming factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc or Oct3/4, Sox2, Lin28 and Nanog directly into somatic cells. Scientists have developed several reprogramming methods. Reprogramming factors can be introduced into cells as transgenes with viral or plasmid vectors, in combination with small molecule compounds for enhanced efficiency of reprogramming, or directly as recombinant proteins. These methods enable establishment of pluripotent stem cells from different genetic background which would allow them to be used for therapeutic purposes. However, before that it would be necessary to determine molecular and functional differences between iPS and ES cells, understand mechanisms of reprogramming in detail and develope safer and more efficient protocols of induction