The effect of naringenin in preventing the development of osteoporosis in rats

Osteoporoza je najčešća metabolička bolest koštanog sustava gdje farmakološku terapiju čine dvije glavne grupe lijekova (antiresorptivni i anabolički agensi) koje imaju svoja ograničenja u primjeni te mogu izazvati ozbiljne neželjene učinke nakon dugoročne primjene. Alternativni terapijski pristup u prevenciji osteoporoze mogla bi imati velika skupina flavonoidnih spojeva čiji pripravci pokazuju u većini epidemioloških te animalnih istraživanja osteoprotektivni učinak. U radu je istražen učinak naringenina u prevenciji razvoja osteoporoze u štakora. Pet skupina štakora intragastričnim putem tijekom 15 dana je dobivalo po jedan od navedenih spojeva: retinoičnu kiselinu (80 mg kg-1) u cilju izazivanja osteoporoze, retinoičnu kiselinu u kombinaciji s naringeninom (100 mg kg-1), retinoičnu kiselinu u kombinaciji sa alendronatom (40 mg kg-1), sami naringenin i/ili sam alendronat. Dvije kontrolne skupine nisu dobivale ništa. Mjeren je kalcij i fosfor u kostima femura životinja, hematološki i biokemijski parametri iz krvi štakora a genotoksičnost je određena komet i mikronukleus testom. Istraživanje je pokazalo da naringenin ima povoljan učinak na osteoporozu prouzročenu retinoičnom kiselinom te nema nikakve štetne učinke na organizam. Laka dostupnost, ekonomska isplativost i nedostatak toksičnosti ukazuju da naringenin može biti primijenjen u sprječavanju i liječenju osteoporoze te da ima prednost u odnosu na alendronat.Osteoporosis is the most frequent metabolic disease of bones. Pharmacological therapy includes two main groups of drugs (antiresorptive and anabolic agents) that both have limitations in use and can provoke serious undesired effects after prolonged use. Alternative therapy in osteoporosis prevention could be based on a large group of flavonoid compounds, including certain preparations whose osteoprotective effect was proved in most epidemiologic studies and in animal testing. The effect of naringenin in preventing the development of osteoporosis in rats was being researched. Five groups of rats were intragastricly administered different substances in the course of 15 days: retinoic acid (80 mg kg-1) to provoke osteoporosis, retinoic acid in combination with naringenin (100 mg kg-1), retinoic acid in combination with alendronate 40 mg kg-1), naringenin and/or alendronate. Two control groups did not get any treatment. Calcium and phosporous in the bones were messured from the femurs of rats, hematological and biochemical parameters from the blood, and genotoxicity was established trough comet assay and micronucleus test. The research has shown a beneficial effect of naringenin on bone mineral density. No harmful effects of naringenin on the organism or genotoxicity was established. Easy accessibility, economic cost effectiveness and lack of toxicity suggest that naringenin can be applied in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and has an advantage compared to alendronate