Application of various extraction methods for bioactive components in elderflower

Bazga (Sambucus nigra L.) je biljna vrsta koja pripada porodici Caprifoliaceae. Vrlo dobro uspijeva na našim područjima, široko je rasprostranjena i često upotrebljavana u prehrambenoj industriji i farmakologiji. Za potrebe ovog diplomskog rada, iz uoraka sušenog cvijeta bazge, provedena je izolacija bioaktivnih komponenata. Pri postupku izolacije, korištene su sljedeće metode: destilacija vodenom parom, kiselinsko–bazna ekstrakcija (dva različita otapala – diklormetan, etil–acetat), klasična ekstrakcija: grijanje u povrat, te ekstrakcija po Soxhletu. Lakohlapive komponente dobivene destilacijom vodenom parom, identificirane su pomoću tankoslojne kromatografije (TLC) i FTIR–spektroskopije, pri čemu je dokazana prisutnost dominantnih lakohlapivih sastavnica. Ekstrakti dobiveni metodama klasične ekstrakcije grijanjem u povrat i ekstrakcije po Soxhletu, korišteni su za određivanje koncentracije ukupnih fenola u promatranom uorku cvijeta bazge, kao i dijela pojedinih bioaktivnih komponenata. Masena koncentracija ukupnih fenola u etanolnom ekstraktu REF80, iznosila je 35,54 mg GAE/100 g bazge, dok je u ekstraktu SMB80, 13,51 mg GAE/100 g bazge.Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) is a plant species that belongs to the family Caprifoliaceae. Widespread and often used in the food industry and pharmacology, elder is very known in our country. For the purpose of this thesis, from samples of dried elderflower, isolation of bioactive compounds was conducted. In the isolation procedure, the following methods were used: steam distillation, acid–base extraction (two different solvents – dichloromethane, ethyl–acetate), the classical extraction: heating to reflux, and Soxhlet extraction. Volatile components obtained by steam distillation, were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and FTIR–spectroscopy, where the presence of the dominant volatile components was proven. Extracts obtained by classical extraction heated to reflux and Soxhlet extraction, were used to determine the concentration of total phenolics in the observed elderflower sample, as a part of certain bioactive compounds. Mass concentration of total phenolics in the ethanol extract REF80 was 35,54 mg GAE/100 g elder, while in the extract SMB80 was 13,51 mg GAE/100 g elder