Biological wastewater treatment

Prije ispuštanja u prirodne recipijente, otpadne vode neophodno je pročistiti. Pročišćavanje otpadnih voda može se provesti primarnim, sekundarnim i tercijarnim postupcima. Sekundarni postupak ili biološko pročišćavanje se najčešće koristi. Ovaj postupak predstavlja pročišćavanje pomoću mikroorganizama koji razgrađuju organske tvari, dušik i fosfor iz otpadnih voda. U ovom radu prikazan je pregled osnovnih pojmova vezanih uz otpadne vode i njihovo pročišćavanje. Poseban naglasak je stavljen na biološko pročišćavanje, čimbenike koji utječu na postupak biološkog pročišćavanja kao i najčešće postupke pomoću kojih se provodi biološko pročišćavanje otpadnih voda.Before discharging into natural recipients, wastewater must be purified. Wastewater purification can be carried out by primary, secondary and tertiary methods. Secondary method or biological purification is most commonly used. This method represents purification by microorganisms that decompose organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. An overview of basic concepts related to wastewaters and their purification is presented in this review paper. Particular emphasis is placed on biological purification, factors that influence the biological purification process and most commonly used methods for biological wastewaters purification