Cross border maintenance obligations : typical problems of Croatian practice

Tema ovog diplomskog rada je prekogranično uzdržavanje s osvrtom na praksu hrvatskih sudova u tom području. Uzdržavanje je dužnost i pravo roditelja, djece, bračnih i izvanbračnih drugova te srodnika u ravnoj lozi, a odnos uzdržavanja temelji se ponajprije na solidarnosti i pomaganju članova obitelji. Problem se pojavljuje kada se uzdržavanje ne želi dati dobrovoljno pa se prisilno ostvaruje sudskim putem, a još veći problem nastaje ako u takvom odnosu postoji prekogranični element. U ovom radu riječ je upravo o toj pojavi i njezinim pravnim reperkusijama. Stoga, cilj ovog rada je objasniti i pojednostaviti pojmove i institute prekograničnog uzdržavanja te uputiti na postojeća rješenja i postupke kao i približiti stanje hrvatskih sudova kroz relevantne i dostupne predmete. Rad započinje prikazom izvora koji su tijekom godina doneseni za rješavanje spomenutih situacija s prikazom unifikacije prava na uzdržavanje. Do uzdržavanja s prekograničnim odnosno međunarodnim elementom dolazi zbog kretanja stanovništva i stvaranja obiteljskih odnosa s državljanima drugih država. Zbog toga su detaljno objašnjeni instituti neophodni za uzdržavanje kao što su međunarodna nadležnost, mjerodavno pravo, priznanje i ovrhu te središnja tijela. Takvi odnosi ponekad za posljedicu imaju nesuglasice ili prekid, a česti sudionici takvih odnosa su i djeca. Stoga je u radu posebno istaknuta važnost reguliranja uzdržavanja djece kao posebno ranjive skupine. Rad je na kraju zaokružen relevantnim statističkim podacima prakse hrvatskih sudova u razdoblju od 2016. do 2018. godine.The topic of this graduate thesis is cross-border support with reference to the practice of Croatian courts in this area. Retention is the duty and right of parents, children, spouses and extramarital partners, and close relatives, and the relationship of support is based primarily on solidarity and helping family members. The problem arises when maintenance is not voluntary and enforced by law, and an even greater problem arises if there is a cross-border element in such a relationship. In this paper, it is precisely about this phenomenon and its legal repercussions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explain and simplify the concepts and institutes of cross-border support and to refer to existing solutions and procedures as well as to approximate the status of Croatian courts through relevant and accessible subjects. The paper begins with a description of the resources that have been made over the years to address these situations with the presentation of the unification of the right to maintenance. Reliance on cross-border or international elements comes from the movement of the population and the creation of family relationships with citizens of other states. For this reason, the institutes necessary for maintenance are described in detail, such as international jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement, and central bodies. Such relationships sometimes result in disagreements or interruptions, and frequent involvement of such relationships are also children. Therefore, the paper emphasized the importance of regulating the maintenance of children as a particularly vulnerable group. The paper was finally rounded to the relevant statistical data of the Croatian Courts' practice in the period from 2016 to 2018