Changes in iron metabolism in the brain and liver of Sprague Dawley female rats exposed to faty and sweet food

Uvod: Pretilost je rizični faktor za razvoj dijabetesa tipa II. Dijabetes je bolest koju karakterizira hiperglikemija, rezistencije na inzulin te kronična upala. Sukladno tome u organizmu se mijenja metabolizam željeza u jetri i mozgu te dolazi do oštećenja tkiva. Pomoću predijabetičkih životinja moguće je pratiti patofiziološke promjene te utjecaj lijekova na njih. Ciljevi: U 4 skupine životinja koje su na 1. standardnoj dijeti (SD), 2. dijeti obogaćenoj mastima i šećerima (HFHSD), 3. obogaćenoj dijeti, a potom tretirani antidijabeticima metforminom (HFHSD-M) i 4. liraglutidom (HFHSD-L) procijeniti sadržaj željeza u jetri i regiji substantia nigra (SN) bojenjem Perlsovom metodom, a u SN regiji imunohistokemijom na transferinski receptor. Imunohistokemijski procijeniti regenerativnu sposobnost jetre. Kongo crvenom procijeniti količinu amiloida u SN regiji, a imunohistokemijski količinu neurofibrilarnih snopova. Materijali i metode: U studiju su uključene 32 ženke Sprague Dawley štakora podijeljene u 4 skupine: 1. SD, 2. HFHSD, 3. HFHSD-M i 4. HFHSD-L. Histološkim bojenjima Perlsovom metodom i Kongo crvenom obojani su željezo i amiloid. Imunohistokemijski, pomoću protutijela na transferinski receptor, fosforilirani Tau (pTau), neuralnu nitrid oksid sintazu (nNOS) i jezgrin proliferirajući antigen (PCNA) detektirani su pripadajući biljezi. Rezultati: Postoji statistički značajna razlika rezultata bojenja na željezo te PCNA antigena, dok u slučaju pTau, nNOS te Kongo bojenja nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika. Antidijabetici metformin i liraglutid djelomično su uspjeli pokazati svoje terapijske učinke. Zaključak: U predijabetesu dolazi do poremećaja metabolizma željeza u jetri i mozgu te oštećenja tkiva.Introduction: Obesity is the risk factor for the development of type II diabetes. Diabetes is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Accordingly, the metabolism of iron in the liver and brain changes in the body and tissue damage occurs. Using pre-diabetic animals, it is possible to monitor the pathophysiological changes and the effect of the drugs on them. Goals: In 4 groups of animals on the 1. standard diet (SD), 2. diet enriched with fats and sugars (HFHSD), 3. enriched diet and then treated with antidiabetic metformin (HFHSD-M) and 4. liraglutide (HFHSD-L) to evaluate the iron content in the liver and region of substantia nigra (SN) by using the Perls method, and in the SN region by immunohistochemical localization of the transferrin receptor. Immunohistochemically evaluate regenerative liver function. To evaluate the amount of amyloid in the SN region using histological color Congo red, and the number of neurofibrillary bundles immunohistochemically. Materials and methods: The study included 32 female Sprague Dawley rats divided into 4 groups: 1. SD, 2. HFHSD, 3. HFHSD-M and 4. HFHSD-L. With histological staining Perls method and Congo red we detected iron and amyloid. Immunohistochemically, using transferrin receptor antibodies, phosphorylated Tau (pTau), neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and core proliferating antigen (PCNA), respective markers were detected. Results: There is a statistically significant difference between iron staining results and PCNA antigen, while in the case of pTau, nNOS and Congo staining, no statistically significant difference was found. The antidiabetics metformin and liraglutide have partially managed to show their therapeutic effects. Conclusion: In the pre-diabetes, disorders of iron metabolism in the liver and brain and tissue damage occur