APPLICATION OF TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGIES IN ZOOTEHNIQUES

Transgene životinje su životinje koje su na bilo koji način genetski modificirane. Danas transgene životinje koristimo kao modele u istraživanjima o prijenosu gena, kao bioreaktori za proizvodnju različitih proteina, za uzgoj tkiva i organa za transplataciju. Znanstvenici imaju cilj u budućnosti stvoriti transgene domaće životinje i njihove klonove u svrhu dobivanja “elitne“ rase koja bi davala kvalitetno meso, mlijeko, jaja i sl. Raznim načinima se pokušavalo doći do transgenih životinja, neki su više, a neki manje uspješni. U posljednjih 20 godina, mikroinjektiranje DNK postala je najčešća metoda prijenosa gena u životinja. Ostale metode uvođenja transgene DNK u svrhu stvaranje transgenih životinja je prijenos gena putem spermija, embrionalnih matičnih stanica, virusnih vektora, adenovirusom. Trenutni naglasak na stvaranje transgenih životinja stavljen je na nuklearni prijenos somatskih stanica. Genetičko inženjerstvo ima široku primjenu u svim područjima prirodnih znanosti. Proučavanje ljudskih bolesti na životinjskim modelima, pomaže znanstvenicima u boljem razumijevanju patogenih bolesti i na taj način osigurava potrebne alate za razvoj genske terapije za liječenje bolesti. Tehnologija rekombinantne DNA koristi se u biomedicini, farmaceutskoj industriji te u poljoprivrediTransgenic animals are animals that have been genetically modifeid in some way. Today transgenic animals are used as models in research on the gene transfer, as bioreactors for creating different kinds of proteins, for tissue growth and for organ transplantation. Scientists have a goal in the future to create transgenic domestic animals and their clones with the purpose of creating an elite rise which would give quality meat, dairy, egg, etc. There are different ways to create transgenic animals, some are more, and some less successful. In the last 20 years, microinjection of DNA has become the most common way of transferring genes into animals. Other methods of introducing transgenic DNA with the purpose of creating animals in the transfer of genes through sperm, embryonic stem cells, virus vectors and adenoviruses. Currently the emphasis on creating transgenic animals is placed on the nuclear transfer of somatic cells. Genetic engineering has a wide application in all parts of natural sciences. Studying human diseases on animal models helps scientists have a better understanding of pathological diseases and in such a way secures the necessary tools for the genetic therapy for curing diseases. The technology of recombination DNA is used in biomedicine, pharmaceutical industry and in agricultur