Possibility of influence of school medicine team on dietery habits of school children and their parents

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA. Ispitati prehrambene navike školske djece, njihovih roditelja i razlike prema mjestu stanovanja te promjene istih nakon edukacije. Utvrditi stanje uhranjenosti djece na početku i kraju istraživanja te usporediti različite antropometrijske indekse. USTROJ STUDIJE. Prospektivna studija. ISPITANICI I METODE. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 332 ispitanika (191 učenik i 141 roditelj) u dvije gradske i dvije seoske škole. Kontrolnu skupinu čini 181 učenik koji nije obuhvaćen edukacijom. U obje skupine tim školske medicine proveo je mjerenje tjelesne visine, težine, opseg struka i bokova na početku, nakon 6 i 12 mjeseci. Ispitivanje prehrambenih navika djece i roditelja istraženo je anketnim upitnikom. Za skupinu ispitanika osmišljene su intervencije tima usmjerene na razvoj pravilnih navika kroz predavanja za djecu i roditelje, radionice za djecu i roditelje, edukacija roditelj - roditeljima. REZULTATI. Nikad ne doručkuje 3,6 % djece. Tri glavna i jedan kuhani obrok na dan ima 55.3 % djece. Voće ne jede 5,8 %, a povrće 9,1 % dok slatka pića pije 23,1 % djece. Polovina djece zna kako nastaje debljina i smatraju je bolešću. Roditelji značajno češće navode da učenici provede dnevno 2 i više sati pred računalom ili TV. Nakon edukacije kod djece značajno se povećala količina i unos voća na dan (s 41 % na 63,4 %), a smanjila svakodnevna konzumacija slatkiša (sa 46 % na 17,9 %). Povećao se broj učenika koji znaju kako i zašto se debljamo. Značajno više djece u gradu ne jede povrće i ne hrani se u školskoj kuhinji, dok seoska djeca više znaju o debljini. Stanje uhranjenosti djece je sljedeće: 4,1 % pothranjenih, 80.4 % normalno, prekomjerno teških je 10,5 %, a pretilih 5 %. Uspoređujući antropometrijske indekse značajno je više ispitanika prekomjerne tjelesne težine prema ITM u odnosu na opseg struka dok su prema omjeru struka i visine ispitanici više pothranjeni, a manje pretili. ZAKLJUČAK. Intervencije su se pokazale kao uspješan model kojim se može utjecati na promjenu stavova i prehrambenih navika djece i roditelja. Njihovom kontinuiranom primjenom u djece školske dobi značajno bi se promijenile prehram bene navike, a time i utjecalo na razvoj budućih zdravijih generacija.OBJECTIVES. To determine dietary habits of school children, their parents and the differences according to place of residence, and also changes in dietary habits after education. To determine nutritional status of school children at the beginning and in the end of the research, and to compare different anthropometric indexes. STUDY DESIGN. Prospective study. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. Research was conducted in two urban and two rural primary schools with the total of 332 participants (191 pupils and 141 parents). Control group had 181 pupils that were not educated. School medicine team conducted measurements of body height and body weight, waist and hip circumferences in both groups at the beginning of the research and after 6 and 12 months. School medicine team conducted interventions aimed to improve dietary habits in the form of lectures for children and parents, workshops for children and parents and parent-to-parents education for the intervention group. RESULTS. 3,6 % of children never eats breakfast. Three main meals and one cooked meal per day had 55,5 % of children. Fruits does not eat 3,6 % of children, vegetables does not eat 9,1 % of children and sweet drinks consume 23,1 % of children. Half of children knew causes of obesity and consider it to be a disease. Parents significantly more often reported more than 2 hours of screen time for their children. Fruit amount and consumption was increased (41 % vs. 63,4 %) and sweets consumption was reduced (46 % vs. 17,9 %) in children after education. Proportion of pupils with knowledge on obesity was increased. Urban children more often do not eat vegetables and do not eat in the school kitchen, while rural children know more on obesity. Nutritional status of children was determined as 4,1 % of underweight, 80,4 % with normal weight, 10,5 % of overweight and 5 % of obese. Comparison of anthropometric indexes showed that there were more overweight children when using body mass index than waist circumference, while there were more underweight and less obese children when using waist circumference-height ratio. CONCLUSION. Interventions showed to be a successful model that influences change in dietary habits of children and parents. Their continuous use could change dietary habits and therefore development of healthier generations