Alternatives in soil tillage for winter wheat production

Pšenica je najznačajnija zrnata biljka čije je podrijetlo poznato preko 10 000 godina. Ima širok areal rasprostranjenosti i uzgaja se gotovo u cijelom svijetu. Značaj pšenice je u mlinarstvu, prehrambenoj industriji i stočnoj hrani. Prinosi pšenice u svijetu se kreću od 2.5 do 3 t/ha, dok je u Hrvatskoj od 4 do 4.5 t/ha. Voda, temperatura i svjetlost su od najvećeg značenja za pšenicu kao i izbor površine za sjetvu. Uz agroekološke uvjete uzgoja za proizvodnju pšenice su vaţni i agrotehnički uvjeti uzgoja od kojih su najvaţniji uzgoj pšenice u plodoredu, odgovarajuća i pravovremena obrada tla, pravilna primjena gnojiva, zaštita usjeva kao i pravovremena sjetva. Novi načini obrade tla kao što je reducirana obrada tla i sve varijante reducirane obrade imaju za cilj smanjiti troškove poljoprivrednih proizvoĎača, uštedu vremena i energije, očuvanje tla smanjivanjem broja zahvata, sprječavanje erozije itd.Wheat is the most important grainy plant whose origins are known for over 10 000 years. It has a wide area of distribution and is cultivated almost throughout the world. The importance of wheat is in milling, food industry and animal food. Yields of wheat in the world range from 2.5 to 3 t / ha, while in Croatia from 4 to 4.5 t / ha. Water, temperature and light are of utmost importance for wheat as well as the selection of the area for planting. In addition to agro-ecological conditions of cultivation of wheat, agro-technical conditions are also essential, of which the most important are cultivation of wheat in crop rotation, appropriate and timely tillage, proper application of fertilizer, crop protection and timely sowing. New ways of tillage such as reduced tillage and all variants of reduced tillage aim to reduce the costs of agricultural producers, save time and energy, conserve the soil by reducing the number of procedures, prevent erosion, etc