Medicinal properties of three subspecies of Cannabis genus

Biljke roda Cannabis imaju vrlo važnu ulogu u obrani ljudskog organizma od raznih bolesti zahvaljujući do sada najbolje istraženim ljekovitim sastojcima poput kanabinoida, masnih kiselina, proteina, terpena i flavonoida. Brojna klinička istraživanja potvrdila su medicinsku učinkovitost ovih sastojaka na raznim oboljenjima. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti ljekovite sastojke medicinskog kanabisa (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica var. Bedica) pod kontroliranim uvjetima proizvodnje i kvalitetu prehrambenog ulja industrijske konoplje (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa var. Fedora 17), kao i teoretski istražiti divlju konoplju (Cannabis ruderalis JANISCH.) U klimatološki kontroliranom uzgoju medicinskog kanabisa testiralo se dodatno osvjetljenje LED lampe kojom se prinos povećao za 7.1 %, dok je sastav ljekovitih fitokanabinoida (THCA, THC, CBG i CBCA) neznatno promjenjen, odnosno prisutna je minimalna razlika od 1-2% koja se nalazi unutar granica standardne devijacije te ne utječe na standardizaciju registriranog lijeka. Prehrambeno ulje dobiveno je hladnim prešanjem sjemena ekološki uzgojene industrijske konoplje i analizirana su četiri parametra kvalitete: peroksidni broj, slobodne masne kiseline, voda i hlapljive tvari te netopive nečistoće. Nepovoljna klimatološka godina s prekomjernim padalinama nije utjecala na kvalitetu tri parametra (Pbr, SMK, voda i hlapljive tvari), no utjecaj je prikazan niskim povišenjem vrijednosti netopivih nečistoća u ulju - 0.28% više od dopuštene vrijednosti prema Pravilniku o jestivim uljima i mastima (NN,41/12). Pregledom dostupne literature opisana je i divlja konoplja kao najmanje istražena biljka roda Cannabis. Ova biljka posjeduje niz sposobnosti. Vrlo brzo se prilagođava promjenjenim ekološkim uvjetima s najkraćom vegetacijom u rodu Cannabis (12 tjedana). Njen rast i razvoj neovisni su o svjetlosnom režimu (neutralan fotoperiodizam) te daje sjeme najvećeg oblika unutar ovog biljnog roda. Također je ljekovita, sadrži više kanabidiola (CBD) nego tetrahidrokanabinola (THC), a istražen je i sadržaj terpena limonena koji posjeduje antibakterijska i relaksirajuća svojstva. Biljni rod Cannabis izuzetan je primjer vrhunskog etnobotaničkog biljnog roda kojeg čine višestruko ljekovite i općekorisne biljke.Plants of Cannabis genus plays a very important role in the defense of human organism from various diseases, thanks to the so far explored medicinal ingredients such as cannabinoids, fatty acids, proteins, terpenes and flavonoides. Numerous clinical trials have confirmed the medical effectiveness of these ingredients in various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the medicinal ingredients of medicinal cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica var. Bedica) under controlled conditions and quality of the edible oil produced from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa var. Fedora 17), and theoretically investigate wild hemp (Cannabis ruderalis JANISCH.) In climatologicaly controlled growing area medicinal cannabis was tested by additionally LED light which increase yield for 7.1% while the composition of the medicinal phytocannabinoids (THC, THCA, CBG and CBCA) remained almost unchanged with minimal difference of 1-2% which is within the boundaries of the standard deviation and does not affect the standardization of registred medicine. Edible oil is produced from cold pressed seeds of industrial hemp grown organically. Four quality parameters had been analyzed: peroxide value, free fatty acids, water and volatile substances and insoluble impurities. Unfavorable climatological year with excessive rainfall did not significantly affect the quality of the three parameters (Pbr, SMK, water and volatiles), but it affect is shown in little increase of insoluble impurities values in oil, 0.28% more than the permissible value according to Regulations on edible oils and fats. With review of the available literature wild hemp is described as at least researched plant od genus Cannabis. This plant has a great number of capabilities. Is very quickly adjusted to changed environment with the shortest vegetation in the Cannabis genus (12 weeks). It's growth and development are independent of the light mode (neutral photoperiodism), and the seeds had largest form within plant genus. It's also healing plant. Content of cannabidiol (CBD) is higher than tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), terpen limonene is also found here with antibacterial and relaxant properties. The whole Cannabis genus is an extraordinary example of top ethnobotanical plants genus made of multiple medicinal and overall usefull plants