Using of milk components for infant formula production : final thesis

Dojenačka formula je proizvedena hrana namijenjena za hranjenje beba i dojenčadi do 12 mjeseci starosti, obično pripremljena za hranjenje iz bočice ili pripremanje u prahu (miješano s vodom) ili kao tekućina (sa ili bez dodane vode). Proizvođači navode da je sastav dojenačke formule pripremljen tako da što više nalikuje majčinom mlijeku, ali ipak postoje značajne razlike u sadržaju takvih formula. Najčešći pripravci hrane za dojenčad sadrže pročišćeno kravlje mlijeko i kazein kao izvor proteina, mješavinu biljnih ulja kao izvor masti, laktozu kao izvor ugljikohidrata, vitaminskomineralnu mješavinu te još dodatne sastojke, ovisno o proizvođaču formule. Ponegdje se soja koristi kao izvor proteina umjesto kravljeg mlijeka (uglavnom se takve formule proizvode u SAD-u i Velikoj Britaniji) i formule koje sadrže bjelančevinste komponente za dojenčad koja su alergična na druge proteine. Uspon u dojenju u mnogim zemljama polako pada u prosječnoj dobi od početka uvođenja dječje hrane (uključujući i kravljeg mlijeka), što je rezultiralo kombinacijom dojenja majčinog mlijeka i korištenje dojenačke formule u dobi između 3 i 12 mjeseci.Infant formula is a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding to babies and infants under 12 months of age, usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder (mixed with water) or liquid (with or without additional water). Manufacturers state that the composition of infant formula is designed to be roughly based on a human mother's milk at approximately one to three months postpartum; however, there are significant differences in the nutrient content of these products. The most commonly used infant formulas contain purified cow's milk whey and casein as a protein source, a blend of vegetable oils as a fat source, lactose as a carbohydrate source, a vitamin-mineral mix, and other ingredients depending on the anufacturer. In addition, there are infant formulas using soybean as a protein source in place of cow's milk (mostly in the United States and Great Britain) and formulas using protein hydrolysed into its component amino acids for infants who are allergic to other proteins. An upswing inbreastfeeding in many countries has been accompanied by a deferment in the average age of introduction of baby foods (including cow's milk), resulting in both increased breastfeeding and increased use of infant formula between the ages of 3- and 12-months