Bioavailability, metabolism and antioxidative defence of polyphenols in different organs of C57BL/6 mice

U ovome radu je istražena in vivo farmakokinetika-apsorpcija, metabolizam i raspodjela polifenolnih spojeva iz vodenog ekstrakta cvijeta trnine (Prunus spinosa L.), te vodenog ekstrakta cvijeta trnine u kombinaciji s prehranom obogaćenom proteinima, mastima i ugljikohidratima u organima (tanko crijevo, jetra, mozak, bubreg) miša C57BL/6. Također je istražen bioakumulacijski potencijal nakupljanja molekula polifenola u navedenim organima, te biološki raspoložive maksimalne koncentracije pojedinih skupina molekula polifenola. Osim navedenog, istraženi su glavni biomarkeri oksidacijskog stresa (MDA, PC), aktivacija antioksidacijskih enzima (SOD, GSH, CAT) i antioksidacijski kapaciteti navedenih tkiva. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da se od ukupno 32 vrste polifenolnih spojeva koje nalazimo u ekstraktu cvijeta trnine, apsorpcijom i bioraspodjelom po organima u različitim vremenima bioakumuliraju različite vrste polifenolnih spojeva što potvrđuje postavljenu hipotezu o selektivnoj preferenciji za bioakumulacijom i zadržavanjem pojedinog tipa polifenolnih spojeva unutar različitih organa. Rezultati analize antioksidacijskog sustava su također pokazali koje pojedine skupine polifenola i njihovih metabolita aktiviraju enzime uključene u antioksidacijski sustav obrane (SOD, GSH, CAT), a izmjereni antioksidacijski kapaciteti tkiva ukazuju da pojedini organi u pokusnim skupinama pokazuju relativno visoki antioksidacijski kapacitet u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu životinja. Dobiveni rezultati ovog istraživanja pridonose boljem razumijevanju afiniteta pojedinih skupina polifenola prema pojedinim tkivima i organima s temeljnim ciljem postizanja boljeg antioksidacijskog statusa organizma.This thesis deals with the in vivo pharmacokinetics-absorption, metabolism and distribution of polyphenolic compounds from the sloe (Prunus spinosa L.) flower water extract and the water extract of sloe in combination with a diet enriched by proteins, fat and carbohydrates in the organs (small intestine, liver, brain, kidney) of the mouse C57BL/6. Furthermore, the bioaccumulative potential of polyphenolic compounds in these organs was also investigated, as well as the bioavailable maximum concentration of polyphenolic molecules. In addition, major oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, PC), antioxidant enzyme activation (SOD, GSH, CAT), and antioxidative capacity of selected tissues were investigated. The obtained results show that out of a total of 32 types of polyphenolic compounds found in the sloe flower extract, various types of polyphenolic compounds bioaccumulate by absorption and biodistribution within organs at different times which confirms the set hypothesis of selective preference for bioaccumulation and retention of a certain type of polyphenolic compounds within different organs. The results of the antioxidation system analysis have also shown which groups of polyphenols and their metabolites activate specific enzymes involved in the antioxidative defence system (SOD, GSH, CAT) and the measured antioxidant tissue capacity indicates that certain organs in the test groups exhibit a relatively high antioxidative capacity in relation to the animal control group. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the affinity of certain groups of polyphenols to certain tissues and organs with the fundamental aim of achieving a better antioxidative status of the organism