The Impacts of Enlightenment on development of Slavonia in the 18th and at the beginning of the 19th century

Slavonija je tijekom 18. stoljeća doživjela korijenite promjene. Nakon mira u Srijemskim Karlovcima i dolaskom austrijske vlasti započinje novo razdoblje u povijesti Slavonije. Godine 1745., odlukom Marije Terezije, tri su slavonske županije, Virovitička, Požeška i Srijemska, stavljene pod upravu Hrvatskog sabora i bana. Vojna krajina došla je pod upravu bečkog Dvorskog ratnog vijeća. Ta politička granica utjecala je na stvaranje slike o podvojenom društvu u Slavoniji. Na jednoj strani bilo je vojno u Krajini, sa slobodnim seljakom - vojnikom, a s druge strane bilo je civilno u Provincijalu, sa zavisnim seljakom - kmetom.Ono što svakako povezuje ova dva područja bila je politika prosvjetiteljstva koju su provodili habsburški vladari Marija Terezija i Josip II.Uspoređujući dijelove Slavonije kroz utjecaje novog svjetonazora - prosvjetiteljstva i stavljajući njezin razvoj u širi europski kontekst događanja, uočljive su mnoge podudarnosti. Ti su se utjecaji nametnuli na dvama područjima djelovanja austrijske vlasti, kroz gospodarske i društvene reforme. Za provedbu i jednih i drugih moralo se djelovati na svijest pojedinaca, a to se postiglo uvođenjem obveznoga školovanja za svu djecu u Slavoniji 1774.Zajednički nazivnik koji je povezivao oba dijela Slavonije prije provođenja prosvjetiteljskih reformi bila je gospodarska zaostalost. Stanje se postupno mijenjalo, zahvaljujući gotovo istovremenim provođenjem agrarnih reformi. Mnogobrojni zakonski propisi koji se odnose na sudstvo i kazne, svjedoče kako su pomaci bili teški, ali učinkoviti. Promjene su postupno zaživjele tijekom 18. i 19. stoljeća, objedinjujući slavonski prostor sa zajedničkim predznakom gospodarskoga i moralnoga napretka.Slavoniaunderwent many radical changes in the 18th century. After the Srijemski Karlovci peace treaty and under Austrian rule, a new era began in the history ofSlavonia. By the decree of Maria Theresa in 1745, three counties inSlavonia, Virovitica, Požega and Srijem, were placed under the administration of the Croatian Parliament and a governor. The Military Border came under the authority of the Royal Military Council. This political border contributed to the picture of a divided society inSlavonia. On one side, there was a military regime in Krajina, with a free peasant-soldier. On the other side, there was a civilian regime in the Province, with a dependent peasant-serf. The one thing that bound these two territories was the enlightenment policy of the two Habsburg monarchs Maria Theresa and Joseph II.Through the worldview of enlightenment, many similarities can be seen between the development of the two Slavonian territories and the wider context of European development at that time. These European influences are most significantly seen in two particular aspects of Austrian rule, economic and social reforms. In order for them to be successful, one had to influence the awareness of an individual. This was done in 1774 by imposing compulsory education for all children in Slavonia.A common denominator which the linked the two territories ofSlavonia, prior to the introduction of educational reforms, was economic underdevelopment. The process of change was slow and took place alongside agrarian reforms. In order to conduct these reforms as successfully as possible, the central government had to deal with the low moral standards of people, prone to laziness, alcohol, lawlessness and robbery. Many of the legal regulations testify that the implementation was difficult but the outcome was successful.The changes were gradually accepted during 18th and 19th centuries, unifying all parts ofSlavoniaon the basis of economic and moral progress