MIGRATION OF CITIZENS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA IN THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET

Snagu gospodarstva neke države čine ljudi, odnosno njihove vještine, sposobnosti i sveukupno znanje. Ulaganje u ljudski kapital preduvjet je razvoja gospodarstva svake države. Od iznimne je važnosti da građani bilo koje države svijeta postanu svjesni potrebe cjeloživotnog obrazovanja. No, da bi građani to shvatili, država ih treba kroz različite institucije na to poticati. Naime, u svijetu brzih promjena, cjeloživotno obrazovanje je ključ za zapošljavanje i gospodarski uspjeh. Kvaliteta ljudskog kapitala ovisi o kvaliteti obrazovnog sustava, koja uključuje životni standard, ulaganje u obrazovanje te participaciju u obrazovanju. Cilj obrazovanja ne treba biti samo stjecanje onih kompetencija koje će omogućiti zapošljavanje već i onih koje će ih osposobiti za aktivno sudjelovanje u društvu. Kvalitetu je moguće mjeriti prema dinamici zapošljavanja građana koji su postigli određenu razinu obrazovanja. Usmjeravanjem obrazovnog sustava stvaraju se temelji za bolju zapošljivost radne snage, ali i njena spremnost na cjeloživotno učenje. To je moguće ostvariti provedbom reformi u sustavu obrazovanja koje će težiti porastu harmonizacije postojeće potrebe rada i potrebe na samom tržištu rada. Budući da je Hrvatska članica Europske unije, njeni mladi više nisu samo građani svoje države već cijele Europe, a za nju moraju biti obrazovaniji i pripremljeniji. Upravo zbog toga se osnivaju i agencije osiguranja kvalitete u obrazovanju koje pomažu obrazovnim ustanovama da prilagode svoje programe te povećaju suradnju između svih vertikala obrazovnog sustava. Postavljene su i potvrđene tri hipoteze te dokazuju da su obrazovanje i tržište rada usko povezani i ovise jedno o drugome. Sve države članice Europske unije obvezne su prilagođavati svoje obrazovne sustave potrebama na tržištu rada. Zajednički cilj svih država treba biti smanjenje nezaposlenosti te povećanje kvalitete postojeće i buduće radne snage. Doktorska disertacija strukturirana je u pet poglavlja. Prvo poglavlje pripada Uvodu. U drugom poglavlju „Migracija kao demografska dimenzija globalizacije“ analizirana je migracija stanovništva Republike Hrvatske i odabranih država članica Europske unije (Austrija, Češka, Bugarska). U trećem poglavlju „Obrazovanje i tržište rada u Republici Hrvatskoj“ analiziran je cjelokupni obrazovni sustav Republike Hrvatske sa karakteristikama pojedine razine obrazovanja (predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje, osnovno obrazovanje, srednje obrazovanje, visoko obrazovanje), tržište rada u Republici Hrvatskoj te povezanost obrazovanja i tržišta rada. U četvrtom poglavlju „Obrazovanje i tržište rada u odabranim državama članicama Europske unije“ analizirani su zasebno obrazovanje i tržište rada svake promatrane države. U petom poglavlju „Komparativna analiza odnosa obrazovanja i tržišta rada u Republici Hrvatskoj te odabranim državama članicama Europske unije“ provedena je analiza obrazovnog sustava, analiza broja polaznika pojedine razine obrazovanja, analiza osiguranja kvalitete visokoobrazovnog sustava te analiza tržišta rada u Republici Hrvatskoj i odabranim državama članicama Europske unije (analiza radne snage, analiza nezaposlenosti, analiza zaposlenosti). Temeljem programske podrške R 3.0.2 za Windows operacijski sustav prikazan je model ponude i potražnje radne snage u odnosu na postignuti stupanj obrazovanja.The strength of a country’s economy is made of people, of their skills, abilities and overall knowledge. Investing in human capital is a prerequisite for economic development of each country. It is most important that the citizens of any country of the world become aware of the needs of lifelong learning. But to make people realize this, the country needs to encourage it through a variety of institutions. In fact, in the world of rapid change, lifelong learning is the key to recruitment and economic success. The quality of human capital depends on the quality of the education system that involves living standard, investing in education and participation in education. The aim of education should not be only acquiring of those competencies that will lead to employment of citizens but also those that train them how to actively participate in society. The quality of education is possible to measure according to the dynamics of employment of citizens who have achieved a certain level of education. Focusing education system it creates the foundation for a better employability of the labor force, but also its willingness on lifelong learning. It is possible to achieve by the implementation of reforms in the education system that will aspire the increase of harmonization of existing needs and labor market needs. Since Croatia is a member of the European Union, its young are no longer just the citizens of their country, but also of the whole of Europe, so for it, they should be more educated and more prepared. Quality assurance agencies in education are established for that purpose. Their aim is to help education institutions to adapt their programs to client’s needs and demand and to increase cooperation between vertical alignments within an education system. Three hypotheses have been set and confirmed and they prove that education and the labor market are closely connected and depend on each other. All European Union Member States are obliged to adapt their education systems to labor market needs. The common goal of all states should be decrease of unemployment and increase of the quality of the existing and the future labor force. The doctoral thesis is structured into five chapters. The first chapter belongs to the Introduction. In the second chapter entitled "Migration as a demographic dimension of globalization" is analyzed migration of Croatian population and selected EU Member States (Austria, Czech Republic, and Bulgaria). In the third chapter entitled "Education and the Labour Market in Republic of Croatia" is analyzed the entire educational system of the Republic of Croatia with the characteristics of certain levels of education (pre-school education, primary education, secondary education, and higher education), the labor market in the Republic of Croatia and the connection between education and labor market. The fourth chapter entitled „Education and the labor market in selected EU Member States“ is analyzed education and the labor market separately for each of the observed country. In the fifth chapter entitled "The comparative analysis of the relation between education and the labor market in the Republic of Croatia and selected EU Member States" is conducted an analysis of the education system, analysis of the number of participants of certain levels of education, analysis of quality assurance of the higher education system and analysis of labor market in the Republic of Croatia and selected European Union Member States (analysis of the labor force, analysis of unemployment, analysis of employment). Using the program support R 3.0.2 for Windows operating system is shown model of supply and demand of labor force in relation to educational attainment