NOISE IN ROAD TRAFFIC

Bukom se definira svaki neželjeni zvuk koji može izazvati nelagodu ili zdravstvene tegobe. Utjecaj buke na zdravlje ljudi ovisi o samim karakteristikama buke (jakost, ritam, sadržaj), o individualnim karakteristikama osobe koja se izlaže (životna dob, osjetljivost na buku, stanje slušnog organa) ali i dužini, vrsti i režimu izloženosti buci. Buka je postala naša svakodnevnica te je sve više prostora u okolišu zagađeno bukom. Jedan od najvećih izvora buke je promet, a unutar same prometne djelatnosti 50% emisija otpada na cestovni promet. Kako bi se ustanovio intenzitet zagađenosti bukom izrađuju se karte buke. Karta buke daje bitne podatke o izloženosti buci te se njome potiče razvoj te korištenja mjera za smanjivanje buke. Mjere za smanjenje buke mogu biti različite: barijere i građevine van samog vozila, ali se smanjenje buke može postići i mjerama za smanjenje buke unutar vozila.Barijere za zaštitu od buke mogu biti izgrađene od različitih materijala. Također se smanjenje buke može postići i pravilnim projektiranjem zgrada i raznim ekonomskim mjerama. Buka ima veliki utjecaj na ljudsko zdravlje te može izazvati ozbiljne probleme kod ljudi. Ona s medicinskog stajališta na ljude djelu auralno (djeluje direktno na slušni organ) i esktraauralno (djeluje na cijeli organizam). Također buka na ljude može imati direktan i indirektan utjecaj. Direktno buka kod ljudi izaziva nagluhost i gluhoću dok indirektno izaziva razdražljivost, dekoncentraciju te smanjenje radnog učinka.Noise is defined as any unwanted sound that can cause discomfort or health problems. The impact of noise on human health depends on the single noise characteristics (strength, rhythm, content), the individual characteristics of the person who is exposed (age, sensitivity to noise, the condition of the hearing organ) as well as the length, type and mode of exposure to noise. Noise has become our everyday life and is more space in an environment polluted by noise. One of the biggest source of noise is traffic and transport activities within the 50% of emissions of waste on road transport. In order to establish the intensity of noise pollution are made noise maps. Noise map provides essential information about exposure to noise and it encourages the development and use of measures to reduce noise. Measures to reduce noise may be different: the barriers and structures outside the vehicle, but the noise reduction can be achieved and the measures to reduce noise inside the car. Barriers noise protection can be constructed from different materials. Also, the noise reduction can be achieved by proper design of buildings and various economic measures. Noise has a great impact on human health and can cause serious problems in people. She from a medical point of view of the people work aurally (acts directly on the auditory organ) and extraaurally (acting on the whole body). You noise on people can have direct and indirect impact. Direct noise in humans causes hearing loss and deafness while indirect causes irritability, lack of concentration and a decrease in performance