Neck dissection in oral cavity cancer

Karcinom usne šupljine maligni je tumor epitelnog podrijetla. Najčešće se pojavljuje u osoba koje puše cigarete i konzumiraju alkoholna pića. Karcinom se može pojaviti na bilo kojem dijelu usne šupljine, ali najčešće su zahvaćene sublokalizacije: dno usne šupljine, ventralna strana jezika i retromolarno područje. Planocelularni karcinom usne šupljine primarno metastazira u regionalne limfne čvorove vrata te iz tog razloga disekcija vrata čini nezamjenjivu ulogu u liječenju bolesnika. Disekcija vrata se od svojih začetaka do danas razvijala i modificirala u smjeru što bolje kirurške tehnike, ali i potrebnog opsega kirurškog liječenja te smanjivanja postoperativnih komplikacija i posljedica. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je bilo utvrđivanje učestalosti tipova disekcija vrata kod karcinoma usne šupljine prema opsegu i indikaciji te usporedba patohistoloških nalaza disektata prema sublokalizaciji primarnog tumora. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da kod svih sublokalizacija karcinoma usne šupljine regionalne metastaze su najčešće u regijama I, II i III, te da se pojedini tipovi disekcija vrata upotrebljavaju u sličnim omjerima kod svih sublokalizacija, dok je proširena radikalna disekcija vrata najrjeđe korišteni zahvat.Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumour of epithelial descent. The tumour occurs most frequently in people who smoke cigarettes and drink alcoholic beverages. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma can appear anywhere in the oral cavity, but most commonly affected sublocalizations are: floor of the mouth, ventral surface of the tongue and retromolar area. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma primarily metastasize to regional lymph nodes of the neck and because of that, neck dissection is an irreplaceable part of patient treatment. Neck dissection, since its beginnings till today, has been developing and modifying into a direction of better surgical technique, but also the necessary extent of surgical treatment and in direction of reducing postoperative complications and side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the types of neck dissection in the oral cavity carcinomas by the extent and the indication, and to compare the pathohistological findings of the dissection according to the sublocalization of the primary tumor. The results of this study have shown that in all sublocalization of oral cavity cancer, regional metastases are most commonly found in regions I, II and III, and that certain types of neck dissection are used in similar ratios for all sublocalization, while extended radical dissection is the least commonly used procedure