Newborns of diabetic mother

Šećerna bolest tipa 1 u trudnoći nosi povećan rizik i za majku i za plod, posebice ako je majčina hiperglikemije loše regulirana. Kao posljedice loše regulacije šećerne bolesti u trudnoći, kod majki može doći do progrediranja već postojećih komplikacija šećerne bolesti, kao i pojave preeklampsije/eklampsije i prijevremenog poroda. Kod ploda pak može doći do razvoja embriopatije i fetopatije ovisno u kojem periodu trudnoće su razine šećera u krvi povišene. Ciljevi ovoga rada su prikazati ishod trudnoća dijabetičnih majki s obzirom na gestacijsku dob kod poroda i način dovršenja trudnoće, s posebnim naglaskom na makrosomnu, asfiktičnu i prijevremeno rođenu novorođenčad. Provedena je opservacijska retrospektivna studija. Uključeno je 97 žena koje su rodile u Klinici za ženske bolesti i porode KBC – a Zagreb i Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu tijekom 2016. i 2017. godine. Iz 97 poroda u te dvije promatrane godine rođeno je 103 novorođenčadi koji su uključeni u ovaj rad. Podatci su obrađeni metodama deskriptivne statistike u programu SPSS 22. Kao rezultat istraživanja dobiveno je da je prosječno trajanje trudnoće 37 tjedana, a udio prijevremenih porod prije 37. tjedna iznosi 28,87%. Od ukupnog broja poroda dijabetičnih majki njih čak 92,80% je završeno carskim rezom. Udio makrosomne novorođenčadi s porodnom masom ≥ 90. percentile je bio 30,10%, dok je udio asfiktične novorođenčadi bio 5,83%. U skupini novorođenčadi rođenih prije 34. tjedna gestacije zabilježen je jedan smrtni ishod. Unatoč značajnom napretku u dijabetologiji, opstetriciji i neonatologiji, novorođenčad dijabetičnih majki još uvijek imaju veći rizik od komplikacija kako u trudnoći, tako i u perinatalnom razdoblju, nego što je kod novorođenčadi zdravih majki.Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy carries increased risk for both the mother and the fetus, especially if the mother's hyperglycemia is poorly regulated. As a result of poor regulation of diabetes during the pregnancy mother may experience progression of already existing diabetic complications, and premature birth, as well as develop preeclampsia / eclampsia. Depending on the period of pregnancy during which the blood sugar levels are elevated, fetus may develop embryopathy and fetopathy. The aim of this paper is to show the outcome of pregnancy of diabetic mothers with a special emphasis on the term and the way of completion of the pregnancy, the presence of childbirth traumas in newborns, macrosomal newborns, asphyxic newborns and premature newborns. An observational retrospective study has been conducted. 97 women who gave birth at the Clinic for Female Diseases and Births of UHC Zagreb and at the School of Medicine of the University of Zagreb during 2016 and 2017 took part in the study. 103 newborns from the 97 births in the two observed years were involved in this work. The data was processed using descriptive statistics methods in SPSS 22. The research showed that the average duration of gestation was 37 weeks, and the ratio of premature births before the 37th week was 28.87%. Out of the total number of births by diabetic mothers, 92.80% was carried out with a Caesarean section. Th proportion of macrosomal newborns with birth weight ≥ 90 percentile was 30.10%, while the proportion of asphyxic newborn babies was 5.83%. In the group of newborns born before the 34th week of gestation, one death outcome was recorded. Despite significant advances in diabetology, obstetrics and neonatology, newborns born to diabetic mothers still carry a greater risk of complications both in pregnancy and in the perinatal period than newborns born to healthy mothers