The role of magnetic resonance imaging in early recognition of breast cancer

Karcinom dojke i dalje je prvi po incidenciji karcinoma u ženskoj populaciji. Unatoč napretku dijagnostičkih i terapijskih metoda, te uvođenju skrininga mortalitet je dosta visok zbog često prekasnog dijagnosticiranja bolesti. Zlatni standard u otkrivanju karcinoma je uređaj za mamografiju, dok je magnetska rezonancija pomoćna dijagnostička metoda. Cilj ovog rada bio je opisati ulogu magnetske rezonancije u procesu dijagnosticiranja karcinoma dojke, analizirati morfološke i kinetičke karakteristike malignih lezija i usporediti ih s benignim lezijama. Orijentirali smo se na invazivne duktalne karcinome do 1 cm veličine i analizirali nalaze nakon provedenog snimanja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 19 pacijentica sa sumnjom na invazivni duktalni karcinom do 1 cm veličine i 20 pacijentica sa sumnjom na fibroadenom kao kontrolna skupina. Snimanja magnetskom rezonancijom učinjena su preoperativno, te je nakon postoperativne patohistološke analize dobivena konačna dijagnoza. Rezultati su potvrdili hipotezu rada, odnosno analizom morfoloških i kinetičkih karakteristika lezija kod svih pacijentica nalaz je upućivao na malignost lezije, dok je kod kontrolne skupine nalaz upućivao na benignost lezije. Dokazali smo kako su maligne lezije nepravilna ili ovalna oblika, spikuliranih rubova, inhomogene ili rubne imbibicije s tip II ili tip III krivuljom imbibicije, dok su benigne lezije okruglog ili ovalnog oblika, pravlinih rubova uz homogenu imbibiciju i krivulju tipa I. Zaključak ovog rada jest da je magnetska rezonancija bitna dijagnostička metoda kod otkrivanja invazivnih duktalnih karcinoma. Na temelju snimki moguće je analizirati lezije najmanjih veličina i zaključiti radi li se o malignoj ili benignoj leziji. Glavni nedostaci magnetske rezonancije su nedostupnost, cijena i dugi postupak snimanja. No, napretkom tehnologije magnetska rezonancija u budućnosti će sigurno imati veću ulogu u dijagnostičkom postupku.Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in female population. Despite the improvement in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and introducing screening in national programs for early recognition of breast cancer, mortality is still high because of delayed disease diagnosis. The golden standard for the detection of breast carcinoma is mammography, while magnetic resonance imaging is an auxiliary method. The aim of this study was to describe the role of the magnetic resonance imaging in diagnostic process of breast carcinoma and to analyze morphologic and kinetic characteristics of malignant lesions and to compare them with benign lesions. Our study was based on 1 cm invasive ductal carcinomas and we analyzed the results after conducted recording. The study included 19 female patients with suspected invasive ductal carcinoma up to 1 cm and 20 female patients with suspected fibroadenoma up to 1 cm as a control group. Recordings were done before the operation and final diagnosis was given after the operations and pathohistological analyzes. We confirmed the hypothesis of this study. The results have shown that morphologic and kinetic characteristics in patients with suspected invasive ductal carcinoma guided to malignancy and in control group results guided to benignancy of lesions. We proved that malignant lesions are irregular or oval shaped with spiculated edges, inhomogeneous or edge imbibition and with type II or III imbibition curves. Benign lesions are round or oval shaped with regular edge, homogeneous imbibition and type I imbibition curve. The conclusion of this study was that magnetic resonance imaging is an important diagnostic procedure in detection of invasive ductal carcinoma. Based on results it is possible to analyze the smallest lesions and to conclude if they are malignant or benign. The main disadvantages are unavailability, high price and long-term recording, but with development in the future, magnetic resonance imaging will surely have greater role in diagnostic procedure