The impact of dietary habits on the development of colon cancer

Karcinom debelog crijeva je jedna od najčešćih malignih bolesti u svijetu i predstavlja važan javnozdravstveni problem. Treći je najčešći zloćudni tumor u razvijenim zemljama. Broj novih slučajeva u svijetu procjenjuje se na oko 11 milijuna godišnje, a smrtnih oko 7 milijuna. Hrvatska je zemlja srednje incidencije, ali visokog mortaliteta od karcinoma. Kolorektalni karcinom je treći uzrok smrtnosti u Republici Hrvatskoj. Točan uzrok karcinoma debelog crijeva nije poznat. Čimbenici rizika su dob iznad 40 godina, genetska predispozicija, upalne bolesti crijeva, te okolišni, i to prehrambene navike, pretilost, tjelesna neaktivnost, duhan i alkohol. 30-70 % svih slučajeva karcinoma debelog crijeva može se pripisati prehrani bogatoj crvenim, prerađenim mesom koja je obično siromašna voćem i povrćem. Stoga se preporuča ograničiti unos crvenog mesa, a rijetko konzumiranje suhomesnatih proizvoda. Za antioksidanase i multivitamine nema saznanja da smanjuju rizik od karcinoma, a neka istraživanja upućuju čak na povećan rizik, pa se ne preporučaju. Pušenje i unos alkohola iznad 30 g/dan smatra se čimbenikom rizika, te se preporuča izbjegavati pušenje i alkohol ili barem ograničiti dnevni unos alkohola na 1-2 pića za muškarce, odnosno 1 piće za žene. Opća pretilost i debljina u području struka povećavaju rizik za karcinom debelog crijeva. Preporuča se izbjegavati sjedilački način života, te provoditi umjerenu fizičku aktivnost poput brzog hodanja svaki dan 30 minuta. Epidemiološke studije čak 85 % karcinoma pripisuju okolišnim čimbenicima. Prema SZO barem jedna trećina svih karcinoma može se spriječiti promjenom ponašanja stoga je bitno poraditi na svom zdravlju. Uklanjanjem promjenjivih rizičnih čimbenika poput nepravilne prehrane i povećanjem tjelesne aktivnosti, može se utjecati na smanjenje rizika obolijevanja.Colorectal cancer is one of the most common magnant diseases in the world. Being the third most common malignant disease in developed countries it represents an impotrant public health problem. The number of new cases worldwide is estimated at around 11 million per year, and about 7 million of deaths. Croatia is a country of medium incidence but of higher mortality from it. Colorectal cancer is the third cause of death in the Republic of Croatia. The exact cause of colorectal cancer is not known. Risk factors include: age over 40 years, genetic predisposition, inflammatory bowel disease, and environmental risks, such as dietary habits, obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol abuse. 30-70% of all cases of colon cancer can be attributed to a diet rich in red and processed meat, which is usually lacking in fruits and vegetables. It is therefore recommended to limit intake of red meat and rare consumation of meat products. The usage of antioxidants and multivitamins it not proven to reduce the risk of cancer, and some studies even suggest an increased risk, so they are not recommended. Smoking and alcohol intake above 30 g/day is considered a risk factor, and it is recommended to avoid smoking and alcohol, or at least limit daily alcohol intake to 1-2 drinks for men and one drink for women. General obesity and obesity in the waist increase the risk of colon cancer. It is recommended to avoid a sedentary lifestyle, and implement moderate physical activity such as brisk walking every day for 30 minutes. Epidemiological studies 85% of cancers atribute to environmental factors. According to WHO at least one third of all cancers can be prevented by changing behavior and it is important to work on your health. Removing modifiable risk factors such as improper diet and increasing physical activity can affect on to the reduction of risks