Fobije kod djece predškolske dobi

Rano prepoznavanje fobija je bitno radi ispravnog djelovanja na njeno svladavanje. Djetetu koje pati od fobije teško je prolaziti kroz taj proces samostalno, pogotovo ako je fobija jako izražena. Potrebno mu je vodstvo stručne osobe, kao i razumijevanje od okoline. Rezultati jednog istraživanja su pokazali učestalost od 5,9 fobija na 100 ljudi. Ponekad se fobija može razviti iz straha koje dijete ima u djetinjstvu. Fobije se javljaju kod 2,4% djece i kod 3,6% adolescenata. Od velike je važnosti shvaćanje dječjih strahova, kako se oni odražavaju na dijete te kako se mogu umanjiti, pa su iz tog razloga u ovom radu navedeni dječji strahovi i njihova obilježja. Postoji nekoliko teorija nastajanja fobija, a sukladno tome i nekoliko pristupa u njihovom liječenju: psihoanalitičke, biheviorističke, kognitivne i biološke teorije i pristupi. Fobije se svrstavaju u tri kategorije: specifične fobije, agorafobija i socijalna fobija. Kod djece se može razviti i školska fobija koja utječe na njihov akademski uspjeh i socijalne odnose. Cilj ovog rada je shvaćanje utjecaja fobije na funkcioniranje djeteta i primjerene podrške. Navedeni su savjeti djelovanja u domu djeteta i dječjem vrtićuIt is important to diagnoze phobias at an early age of a child in order to be able to act accordingly. The child affected by a phobia has a hard time dealing with it by himself, especially if the phobia is strong. He is in need of an expert's help, aswell as compassion of the people around him. One study shows that 100 people suffer from 5,9 phobias. It is possible for a child to develop a phobia from a certain fear he experienced in his early childhood. Phobias occur at a rate of 2,4% for children and 3,6% for adolescents. One of the reasons that childhood fears are mentioned in this text is that understanding those fears, understanding how they affect the child and finding a way to reduce it is of great importance. There are several theories that define how a phobia is formed: psychoanalitical, behavioristical, cognitive, biological. Each theory has its own approach of treating the phobia. There are three categories of phobias: specific phobias, agoraphobias and social phobias. Children have a tendency to develop a school phobia aswell. That phobia affects academic achievements and social relations of a child. The purpose of this final thesis is to understand the influence of a certain phobia on child's everyday functions and finding a fitting way to support the child. The thesis also contains advice on taking actions in the child's home or his kindergarten