Greenfield and Brownfield Investments in Croatia

U radu je cilj prikazati greenfield i brownfield izravna inozemna ulaganja te njihov utjecaj na poboljšanje gospodarskog rasta i konkurentnosti poticanjem i razvijanjem znanja, tehnologija i različitih sektora gospodarstva. Greenfield izravna inozemna ulaganja („investicije u ledinu“) predstavljanju ulaganja u potpuno novi pogon ili djelatnost. Kako bi ulaganje imalo greenfield obilježja, kompanija mora izgraditi potpuno nove objekte i postrojenja na ciljnom tržištu i na dogovorenoj lokaciji u stranoj državi. Najčešće se radi o velikim kapitalnim ulaganjima. Otvaranjem poduzeća matična kompanija je upoznata s lokalnim, tržišnim, infrastrukturnim i kulturnim prilikama zemlje rezidenta. Isto tako, matična kompanija ostaje u potpunoj kontroli nad poslom koji se obavlja, posjeduje vlastiti „know how“ na temelju kojeg se uspostavlja poslovanje. Brownfield izravna inozemna ulaganja predstavljaju kupnju već postojećih objekata, postrojenja, skladišta te poduzeća. Ovakav oblik ulaganja je karakterističniji u tranzicijskim zemljama zbog manjeg investicijskog rizika te postojanja mnogih, kako neiskorištenih tako i napuštenih kapaciteta. Najčešće dominiraju industrijski, vojni te željeznički kompleksi, obalna područja i objekti javnih gradskih služba. Republika Hrvatska, kao zemlja u tranziciji, je iskoristila izravna inozemna ulaganja kako bi potaknula konkurentnost domaćeg gospodarstva i rast ukupnih investicija. Rast istih očekuje se u budućnosti unatoč tome što je gospodarska kriza doprinijela smanjenju doprinosa inozemnih ulaganja. Povećanom rastu doprinosi i činjenica da se Republika Hrvatska nalazi u skupini država „predvodnika“. U toj skupini državne se aktivnosti moraju usmjeriti na pitanje kako zadržati komparativne prednosti koje su je prvobitno učinile atraktivnom za inozemne ulagače.The aim in this paper is to show greenfield and brownfield direct foreign investments and their impact on improving the economic growth and competitiveness by encouraging and developing the knowledge, technology and various sectors of the economy. Greenfield foreing direct investments presenting the investments in very new facility or activity. In order to have the characteristics of greenfield investments, companies must build entirely new facilities and plants in the target market on the agreed location in a foreign country. Usually there is a large capital investment. With the opening of the company's parent company is aware of the local, market, infrastructural and cultural opportunities of the country of residence. The parent company remains in full control of work being done, has its own know-how, based on which establishes performance. Brownfield foreing direct investments are purchasing existing buildings, facilities, warehouses and businesses. This form of investment is more characteristic in the transition countries due to lower investment risk and the existence of many, both unused and abandoned capacities. Most often dominate the industrial, military and railway complexes, coastal areas and facilities of public city services. The Republic of Croatia, as a country in transition, has used foreign investment in order to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic economy and the growth of total investment. The same growth it's expected in the future, despite the economic crisis has contributed to reducing the inflow of foreign investment. The increased growth is contributed by the fact that the Republic of Croatia is in the “leaders” countries group. In this group of countries, the activities should focus on the question of how to keep the competitive advantages that have initially made attractive for foreign investors