Incidencija raka pluća u Primorsko -goranskoj županiji od 2005. do 2014. godine

Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (SZO) procjenjuje da je 68% smrtnih slučajeva 2012. godine uzrokovano kroničnim nezaraznim bolestima, odnosno 38 milijuna umrlih od ukupno 56 milijuna umrlih osoba. Problem kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti danas je temelj sve većeg interesa zajednice na globalnoj razini. Osim čimbenika na koje ne možemo utjecati poput dobi, spola i genetike, rizični čimbenici za ove bolesti pokazali su se prekomjerna težina, nepravilna prehrana, nedovoljna tjelesna aktivnost, konzumacija cigareta i alkohola te štetne navike. Kao podvrsta kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti, maligne bolesti uzrok su 27,9% smrtnih slučajeva. Karcinom pluća vodeći je uzrok smrti od malignih bolesti kod muškaraca u Republici Hrvatskoj dok se kod žena nalazi na drugom mjestu. Rast incidencije raka pluća, činjenica da se bolest dijagnosticira tek u uznapredovalom stadiju te loše prognoze liječenja pokazuju da se danas još uvijek teško nosimo s ovim globalnim javnozdravstvenim problemom stoga se danas najčešće fokusira na samu prevenciju. Tu problem predstavljaju štetne navike prosječnog čovjeka u 21. stoljeću, zaslužne za rast pojavnosti kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti. Najčešći uzrok oštećenja ili mutacija gena u respiratornom sustavu su karcinogene tvari koje se nalaze u sastavu dima duhana. Oko 85% do 90% bolesnika ima anamnezu pušenja. Osobe koje puše imaju petnaest puta veći rizik od razvijanja karcinoma pluća. Važno je naglasiti i opasnost od pasivnog pušenja tijekom koje je nepušač nevoljno izložen dimu cigarete. Pasivni pušaći osim dima kojeg je ispuhnuo pušač, udišu i nefiltrirani dim s vrška cigarete koji sadrži tri puta više katrana, nikotina, benzopirena i ugljikovog monoksida te čak pedeset puta više amonijaka.World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that, in 2012, 38 million people died due to chronic noncontagious diseases, which was around 68% of all deaths that year.Today, the problem of chronic noncontagious diseases is a foundation for a growing community interest on a global scale. Along with the factors that we cannot influence like age, sex or genetics, risk factors for these diseases have proven to be excess weight, improper diet, insufficient body activity, cigarette and alcohol consumption as well as other unhealthy habits. As a subtype of chronic noncontagious diseases, malignant diseases are behind 27.9% of all causes of death. Lung cancer is a leading cause of death from malignant diseases in men in the Republic of Croatia, and the second most common in women. The growth of lung cancer incidence, the fact that the disease is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage as well as poor prognosis despite available treatment shows that today we are still having difficulties facing this problem and should therefore focus on prevention. The problem likely lies in the unhealthy habits of an average person in the 21. Century, which are responsible for the growth of lung cancer incidence. The most common cause of cell damage behind malignant genetic mutation in the respiratory system are carcinogenic substances that can be found in the composition of the cigarette smoke. Around 85-90% of all patients have a history of smoking cigarettes. Smokers have a fifteen times higher risk of developing lung cancer. It is also important to emphasize the danger of passive smoking where the inhaling non-smoking person is unwillingly exposed to cigarette smoke. Besides the smoke, non-smokers also inhale the unfiltered smoke from the top of the cigarette which contains three times more tar, nicotine, benzopyrene, carbon monoxide and also fifty times more ammonia