Utjecaj okolišnih faktora na kakvoću mora za kupanje

Obalni pojas RH predstavlja posebno osjetljiv i značajan resurs, koji je zbog mogućeg zdravstvenog rizika od velikog javnog interesa. U ovom istraživanju analizirani su podaci iz dva izvora. Jedan izvor je prošireni monitoring (2012.-2014.), uspostavljen s ciljem ispitivanja kritičnih lokacija zapadnog dijela grada Rijeke (Kantride), s 4-h frekvencijom uzorkovanja. Drugi izvor podataka je redovni nacionalni monitoring kakvoće mora na plažama, koji se kontinuirano provodi od 1998. g. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 5 lokacija: 3. Maj (3M), Kantrida zapad (KW) i istok (KE), Ploče zapad (PW) i istok (PE). Mikrobiološko ispitivanje obuhvatilo je dva Uredbom (NN 73/08) propisana parametra (E. coli - EC i enterokok - EN), kao i dodatne fekalne (C. perfringens) i ne-fekalne parametre (S. aureus - SA i P. aeruginosa - PA). Od fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava vode praćeni su temperatura mora, salinitet, pH, mutnoća, te uvjeti u okolišu (temperatura zraka, oborine, solarno zračenje). Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj okolišnih faktora na vremenske varijacije u vrijednostima mikrobioloških parametara. Također, ispitano je koje su od istraživanih lokacija mikrobiološki najopterećenije, analizirano na temelju rezultata sedamnaest sezona ispitivanja. Dodatno, između ispitanih parametara provedena je korelacijska analiza. Rezultati su pokazali da su mikrobiološki najopterećenije plaže 3. Maj, KE i KW, a da se pikovi opterećenja na svim plažama javljaju u ranim jutarnjim (6 h) i popodnevnim (18 h) satima. Solarno zračenje i salinitet pokazali su se kao značajni reduktivni faktori mikrobiološkog opterećenja. Količina padalina (72 h prije uzorkovanja) pokazuje pozitivnu korelaciju s EC i EN, koji su značajno negativno korelirani sa salinitetom i temperaturom vode. SA i PA pokazali su značajnu pozitivnu korelaciju s brojem kupača. Uzroke onečišćenja možemo povezati s nepriključenosti obližnjih subjekata na sustav odvodnje komunalnih otpadnih voda i s aktivnošću priobalnih izvora.Coastal zone of the Republic of Croatia is especially sensitive and important resource, which is of the great public interest due to possibility of health risk. In this study the data were analysed from two sources. One source is the extended monitoring (2012. to 2014.), established with the goal of examining critical locations in the western part of the city of Rijeka (Kantrida) with 4-h sampling frequency. The other source of the data is the regular national monitoring of the seawater quality on the beaches, which has continuously been carried out since 1998. This study covers 5 locations: the 3. May (3M), Kantrida West (RW) and East (RE), Ploče West (PW) and East (PE). Microbiological examination includes two parameters (E. coli - EC and enterococci - EN) stipulated by Regulation (NN 73/08), as well as additional faecal (C. perfringens) and non-faecal parameters (S. aureus - SA i P. aeruginosa - PA). Some physical-chemical properties of seawater were monitored, like the water temperature, salinity, pH, turbidity, as well as environmental conditions (air temperature, rainfall, solar radiation). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of environmental factors on time variations in values of microbiological parameters. Based on the results of the 17 seasons long examination it was analysed which of the investigated locations were the microbiologically most loaded. Additionally, the correlation analysis among the examined parameters was conducted. The results showed that microbiologically most loaded beaches are the 3. May, KE and KW, as well as that the peaks of the microbiological load on all beaches occurs in early morning (6 a.m.) and afternoon (6 p.m.) hours. Further analysis showed that solar radiation and salinity are important reductive factors of microbiological load. The amount of rainfall (72 hours before sampling) showed positive correlation with EC and EN, which are significantly negatively correlated with salinity and seawater temperature. SA and PA showed significant positive correlation with the number of bathers The causes of contamination can be related to the fact that nearby buildings are not appropriately connected to the drainage system of urban waste water as well as to the activity of the coastal freshwater springs