Tehnike poticanja osteogeneze u svrhu osteointegracije dentalnih implantata

Gubitak zuba zbog kariesa, trauma ili uznapredovale parodontne bolesti, dovodi do resorpcije alveolarnog grebena, odnosno smanjenja volumena i promjene u morfologiji koštanog tkiva. Ponovna uspostava žvačnog sustava može se postići postavljanjem dentalnih implantata na mjesta izgubljenih zubi. Glavni problem koji se javlja pri tome je nedostatak kosti u horizontalnom i/ili vertikalnom smjeru koji ne dozvoljava postavu implantata na anatomsko mjesto gdje se nalazio zub. Ponovna uspostava anatomskih odnosa se može postići stimulacijom rasta kosti. Rast kosti se može stimulirati kirurškim tehnikama poput splitkrest osteotomije, vođene regeneracije kosti, sinus lifta i bone grafta, i uporabom augmentacijskih materijala i faktora rasta. Za postavljanje idealnog plana terapije potrebno je razumijevanje procesa koštanog modeliranja, remodeliranja i cijeljenja, i poznavanje svih materijala koji se koriste u tu svrhu.The loss of a tooth due to caries, trauma or advanced periodontal desease causes alveolar ridge resorption, decrease in its volume and change in morphology. Restauration of the masticatory aparatus can be accomplished by placement of dental implants in places of lost teeth. The main problem that appears is bone mass deficiency in horizontal and/or vertical direction. Restaurtion of anatomical proprotions can be maintained by stimulating bone formation. Bone formation can be stimulated with surgical procedures such as splitcrest osteotomy, guided bone regeneration, sinus lift or bone grafting, and the use of bone augmentation materials and growt factors. There is no ideal way of success all techniques and materials have their benefits and their disadvantages. The perfect resoult can be achieved by individual approach for each case and by combination of different materials and their benefits. In order to obtain an ideal plan, knowledge and understanding about processes of bone modeling, remodeling and healing, and about all materials used for its purpouse are necessary