Hydraulic analysis of hydroelectric powwrplant's intake structure

Ovim radom opisani su karakteristični dijelovi HE u koje spada gornja voda, brana, dovodni i tlačni cjevovod, vodna i zasunska komora, turbine, te donja voda. Uz svaki opisani dio navedeni su i podaci vezani za HE Vinodol, kao što su duljine i promjeri cjevovoda. Daljnji opis vezan je za gubitke unutar sustava HE, kako se gubici dijele te karakteristične jednadžbe za izračun istih. Glavna podjela gubitaka je na lokalne i dužinske. Radi nedostatka podataka izračunati su samo dužinski gubici, od dovodnog do kraja tlačnog cjevovoda. Lokalne gubitke nije bilo moguće izračunati jer podaci za koeficijente otpora, nisu poznati, te se time pretpostavilo da su ukupni gubici HE jednaki dužinskim gubicima. Proračun gubitaka se provjerio pomoću računalnog programa Fathom. Fathom je program pomoću kojeg se računaju izlazne veličine sustava, kao što su gubici, koji kao radni medij koriste fluid. Pomoću programa dobiven je dijagram koji prikazuje promjenu gubitaka sa promjenom protoka. Također je opisana pojava hidrauličkog udara i na koji način dolazi do propagacije valova s obzirom na brzinu zvuka, . Uz opis pojave ljuljanja masa navedene su i karakteristične jednadžbe koje predstavljaju odnos između promjene protoka i visinske razlike između gornje vode i razine vode unutar vodne komore u vremenu . Dio proračuna i grafički prikaz navedenog dobiveni su pomoću programa Python.This paper describes the characteristic parts of the hydroelectric power plant, which includes the upper water, dam, supply and pressure pipeline, surge and latch tank, turbines, and lower water. In addition to each of the described parts, data are also given for HPP Vinodol, such as length and diameter of the pipeline. Further description is related to losses within the HPP system, how losses are divided and characteristic equations for the calculation. The main division of losses is into local and longitudinal ones. Due to the lack of data, only the longitudinal losses are calculated, from the supply pipeline to the end of the pressure pipeline. Local losses could not be calculated because data for coefficients of resistance, , are not known, and it is assumed that the total losses of HPP are equal to longitudinal losses. Calculation of the losses was verified by computer program Fathom. Fathom is a program that calculates the output size of the system, such as losses, which use fluid as a working medium. The program provides a diagram showing the change of the losses with the change of flow. Also described is the occurrence of a hydraulic hammer and how waves propagate with regard to the velocity of sound, . In additions to the description of the oscillations, there are also characteristic equations that represent the relationship between the change of flow and the height difference between the upper water and the water level inside the surge tank over time . Part of calculations and the diagram were obtained with Python