RAPE AS AN ELEMENT OF GENOCIDE

Korištenje silovanja kao sredstva ratovanja seže daleko u povijest. Sukladno tome, razvijalo se i definiranje silovanja kao zločina za vrijeme oružanog sukoba. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati evoluciju silovanja kao zločina međunarodnog prava kroz praksu međunarodnih kaznenih tribunala. Prvi dio rada ukratko razrađuje pojam genocida i pojam silovanja kao zločine međunarodnog prava. U drugom dijelu rada razrađuje se definiranje silovanja kao zločina za vrijeme oružanog sukoba kroz praksu ICTY. Središte rada odnosi se na genocid u Ruandi. Genocid u Ruandi obilježio je prošlo stoljeće svojom brutalnošću i masovnim žrtvama. Procjenjuje se da je između 250 i 500 tisuća žena silovano. Povijesnu prekretnicu predstavlja predmet Akayes pred ICTR, u kojem je silovanje proglašeno genocidom.The use of rape as a weapon of war reaches far into history. Consequently, the definition of rape as a crime during the armed conflict has also evolved. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the evolution of rape as a crime of international law through the practice of International Criminal Tribunals. The first part of this thesis briefly elaborates the concept of genocide and the concept of rape as crimes under International law. The second part deals with the definition of rape as a crime during armed conflict through the ICTY case law. The center of this thesis is Rwandan genocide has marked the past century with its brutality and mass victims. The estimated number of women raped during the genocide ranges between 250 and 500 thousand. A landmark precedent was set in Akayesu case at the ICTR in which it was concluded that rape constitutes genocide