This works presents both theoretical and applied contributions in the field of discrete dynamical systems regarded as models of biological regulation networks. It puts forward the idea that to increase our comprehension of the living now requires a better understanding of the fundamental principles that govern it and that can be captured mathematically. With this baseline, the present thesis establishes and develops several theoretical bioinformatics reflections on the grounds of the formalism of automata networks -- especially Boolean. The three main themes it discusses are environmental robustness, behavioral combinatorics and structural robustness. Environmental robustness is approached through a study of how automata networks behave und...