Application of spectroscopic tehniques in medicine

Spektroskopija proučava međusobno djelovanje elektromagnetskog zračenja i tvari. To su apsorpcija, emisija, raspršenje i fluorescencija. Pošto ova četiri međudjelovanja mogu dati informaciju o građi i sastavu tvari spektroskopija se počela koristiti u mnogim prirodnim znanostima pa tako i u medicini. X-zrake su se prvo koristile u medicinskoj radiografiji da bi kasnije pomogle u otkrivanju strukture DNA i RNA. UV-VIS spektrometrija je tehnika koja omogućava istraživanje kromofornih skupina kao što je porfirin u hemoglobinu te određivanje stupnja zasićenosti hemoglobina kisikom. Infracrvena spektroskopija se koristi u analizi koronarnih i karotidnih arterija oštećenih aterosklerozom. Masena spektrometrija je pogodna za određivanje hormonskog sastava, a nuklearna magnetska rezonancija nam pruža informaciju o razini lipoproteina visoke i niske gustoće (HDL i LDL). Cilj ovog rada je kroz nekoliko spektroskopskih tehnika prikazati i objasniti njihovu veoma značajnu primjenu u medicini.Spectroscopy studies the interaction of electromagnetic radiation and matter. Interaction of radiation and matter can result in four types of answers and those are absorption, emission, scattering and fluorescence. Since these four responses can give information about structure and composition of matter, spectroscopy found its use in many sciences and also in medicine. X-rays were first used in medical radiography and later in the discovery of the structure of DNA and RNA. UV-VIS spectrometry is technique which allows study of chromophore groups like porphyrin in haemoglobin and can help in determination of haemoglobin saturation with oxygen. Infrared spectroscopy is used for analyses of coronary and carotid artery damaged by atherosclerosis. Raman spectroscopy is used for identification of molecular composition in certain tissues. Mass spectrometry is important for the detection of hormone levels and NMR is used for detection level of HDL (high density lipoprotein) and LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterols. Main aim of this thesis is to demonstrate and explain use of several spectroscopic tehniques in medicine