PLATO'S THEORY OF SOUL

Cilj ovog rada jest jasno i sažeto iznijeti analizu Platonova učenja o duši u njegovim dijalozima Fedon i Država. Početni dio rada bavi se prethodnim razmišljanjima o pojmu duše u antičkoj Grčkoj, na predfilozofskom i filozofskom stupnju, kod Homera, predsokratovaca i Sokrata, jer su ovi (vjerojatno) utjecali na njegovo promišljanje pojma duše. Drugi, odnosno glavni dio rada, razmatra Platonovu teoriju duše u njegovim djelima Fedon i Država. U Fedonu se teorija duše proučava na temelju pet dokaza o besmrtnosti duše: dokaz iz kružne preinake, dokaz iz anamneze (anámnēsis), dokaz iz srodnosti duše s idejama i dva prigovora, a u Državi se teorija duše razmatra s obzirom na trodijelnost duše: razumski, voljni i požudni dio.The aim of this paper is to make clear and concise analysis of Plato's teachings about the soul in his Dialogues: Phaedo and Republic. The initial part of the work deals with previous thoughts on the notion of the soul in ancient Greece, on prephilosophical and philosophical level, in Homer, Pre-Socratic philosophers, and Socrates, as these (probably) influenced his contemplation of the notion of the soul. The second or the main part of the work deals with Plato's theory of the soul in his works Phaedo and the Republic. In Phaedo, the theory of the soul is studied on the basis of five arguments of immortality of the soul: the cyclical argument, the theory of recollection argument, the affinity argument and two objections. In the Republic, the soul is considered with regard to the tripartite theory of the soul where the soul consists of: rational part, willing part, and lustful part