ATTACHMENT TO SCHOOL DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

U ovom radu opisan je konstrukt privrženosti školi koji je definiran kao osjećaj pripadnosti, ponosa te sigurnosti i ugode u školi. Uz ovaj termin vezuju se pojmovi vezanosti za školu, predanost, uključenost, školsko ozračje i povezanost. Kao najznačajnije teorije vezanosti za školu, predstavljene su teorija socijalne kontrole i model socijalnog razvoja. Teorija socijalne kontrole ispituje veze između vezanosti za školu i rizičnih ponašanja, dok model socijalnog razvoja vezanost za školu predstavlja kao snažan zaštitni čimbenik koji sprječava razvijanje različitih oblika problema u ponašanju. Privrženost školi promatra se kroz tri vrste privrženosti: bihevioralnu, emocionalnu i kognitivnu privrženost. Nadalje, navode se neki od utjecaja na privrženost kao što su karakteristike škole, podrška učitelja, vršnjaci i obitelj. Visoka ili niska razina privrženosti školi utječe na školski (ne)uspjeh te na odluku o napuštanju škole. Glavni dio rada posvećen je razvojnom putu privrženosti školi tijekom djetinjstva i adolescencije. Škola, kao jedan od čimbenika socijalizacije, može imati veliki utjecaj na dijete, stoga je važno da škola djetetu pruža osjećaj sigurnosti, pripadnosti i povezanosti. Kada je to omogućeno, tada će dijete ostvariti bolji školski uspjeh, aktivno sudjelovati na nastavi, poštivati školska pravila, bez straha tražiti pomoć od učitelja s kojim će rado surađivati. No, tijekom adolescencije mijenja se odnos prema školi. Veliku ulogu u slabljenju interesa za školu ima prijelaz iz osnovne škole u srednju školu kada se adolescent susreće s novim vršnjacima, profesorima i okolinom. U mnogim istraživanjima uočeno je kako mlađi učenici iskazuju višu razinu privrženosti školi od starijih, dok učenice iskazuju višu razinu privrženosti od učenika. Također, često se privrženost školi i školski uspjeh povezuju s pojavom rizičnih ponašanja, pa su tako niska privrženost školi i slabi školski uspjeh glavni uzroci pojave rizičnih ponašanja.This paper describes the construct of attachment to school that is defined as a sense of belonging, feeling pride, safe and comfortable at school. Along with this term are related terms of school bonding, commitment, involvement, school climate and connectedness. Social Control Theory and Social Development Model are presented as the most important theories of school bonding. Social Control Theory examines the bonds between school bonding and risk behavior, while Social Development Model defines school bonding as a strong protective factor that prevents the development of various forms of behavioral problems. Attachment to school is viewed through three types of attachment: behavioral, emotional and cognitive attachment. Furthermore, some of the impacts on attachment to school are mentioned, such as characteristics of school, teacher's suport, peers and family. High or low level of attachment to school affects the school (non)success and the decision to abandon the school. Tha main part of this paper is devoted to the development path of attachment to school during childhood and adolescence. School, as one of the factors of socialization, can have a major impact on the child, so it is important for school to provide a sense of security, belonging and connection for children. When it is enabled, then the child will achieve better school success, will actively participate in classes, will respect school's rules, without fear will seek help from the teacher with whom he would like to cooperate. However, during adolescence relationship with school is changing. A major role in decreasing interest to school has transition from elementary school to high school when adolescent meets with new peers, professors and environment. Many studies has shown that younger students show a higher level of attachment to school than older students, while girls show higher level of attachment than boys. Also, attachment to school and school success are often associated with emergence of risky behavior, so low attachment to school and poor school success are the main causes of the emergence of risky behavior