MEDITERRANEAN DIET AND CONCENTRATION OF FIBRINOGEN

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati postoji li povezanost između pridržavanja obrasca mediteranske prehrane i koncentracije fibrinogena u plazmi te uz to ispitati u kolikoj se mjeri stanovnici Korčule pridržavaju tradicionalne mediteranske prehrane. Materijali i metode: Presječnim istraživanjem obuhvaćeno je 1647 stanovnika s područja otoka Korčule. Istraživanje je provedeno u okviru projekta „Pleitropija, genske mreže i putevi u izoliranim ljudskim populacijama: 10.001 Dalmatinac“. Ispitanicima su izmjereni krvni tlak i antropometrijski pokazatelji, ispunili su niz upitnika o zdravlju i bolestima, načinu života i prehrambenim navikama te su provedene biokemijske analize, uključujući određivanje koncentracije lipida, glukoze i fibrinogena.. Rezultati: Koncentracija fibrinogena povećava s dobi i žene u većem postotku imaju povišene vrijednosti fibrinogena u odnosu na muškarce. Najviše prosječne vrijednosti indeksa tjelesne mase , kao i opseg struka i kukova , zabilježeni su u ispitanika kojima je koncentracija fibrinogena bila iznad 4,0 g/L. Sistolički je tlak bio je statistički značajno povezan s koncentracijom fibrinogena (P=0,001). U skupinama koje imaju normalne vrijednosti fibrinogena u plazmi (1,5-4,0 g/L), prosječna vrijednost sistoličkog tlaka iznosila je 130 mmHg, dok je u skupini ispitanika s fibrinogenom iznad 4,0 g/L prosječna vrijednost bila za 5 mmHg viša. Prosječna vrijednost dijastoličkog tlaka, s druge strane, u sve 3 skupine plazmatskih koncentracija fibrinogena iznosila 80 mmHg, ali je razdioba između skupina bila različita, što je uvjetovalo statistički značajnu razliku (P=0,009). Indeks mediteranske prehrane ≥14 bodova, koji bi ukazivao na dobro pridržavanje obrasca mediteranske prehrane, bio je prisutan u vrlo malom postotku ispitanika, njih samo 18%. U modelu logističke regresije indeks mediteranske prehrane nije bio značajno povezan s povišenom vrijednošću fibrinogena (OR=0,965; 95% CI 0,905-1,029), a čimbenici koji su bili povezani s povišenim vrijednostima koncentracije fibrinogena su spol i prisutnost kroničnih bolesti. Tako su muškarci imali za 55% manju vjerojatnost za povišenu koncentraciju fibrinogena u odnosu prema ženama (OR=0,450; 95% CI 0,248-0,819), a ispitanici koji su imali jednu ili dvije kronične bolesti imali su 2,3 puta veću vjerojatnost za povišenu koncentraciju fibrinogena u odnosu na ispitanike bez kronične bolesti (OR=2,338; 95% CI 1,365–4,007). Zaključak: Potrebni su dodatni napori u promoviranju mediteranske prehrane kao jednog od načina zdravog života, a ne samo kao terapijske mogućnosti kod već oboljelih osoba. Unatoč poimanju kako se stanovnici hrvatskih otoka i priobalja hrane prema principima mediteranske prehrane, u ovom istraživanju dobiveni su rezultati koji ukazuju na upravo suprotno.Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a relation between the Mediterranean diet and concentration of fibrinogen in the population of Korčula island, and in addition to examine how the inhabitants of the areas are sticking to the traditional Mediterranean diet. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 1647 patients from Korčula island. The study was performed as a part of the project named „Pleitropija, genske mreže i putevi u izoliranim ljudskim populacijama: 10.001 Dalmatinac“. Respondents were invited to join the research through their family physicians and the media (posters in public places, radio and local newspaper). After the joining the study, respondents were taken the fasting blood picture to make all of the blood tests. A remaining blood was frozen to -80 degrees to ensure its stability for the future tests. The respondents also filled out a questionnaire which was consisted of several large sections: demographic data (age, gender, socioeconomic status), history of illnes, eating habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, questionnaire about sleeping habits and general health questionnaire. History of illness included the questions about presence of chronic diseases that have been diagnosed by a physician. Chronic diseases we took notes about were: hypertension, coronary heart disease, brain stroke, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, carcinoma, diabetes and gout. Results: With our study we confirmed that the concentration of fibrinogen increases with age. The group of respondents with high level of fibrinogen (4,0g/L and the lowest BMI (kg/m²), waist and hips circumference (cm) were in the group of respondents with the level of fibrinogen 4,0 g/L) average value of systolic pressure was 5 mmHg higher. The average value of diastolic pressure was in all of the three groups 80 mmHg,but the distribution between the groups was different and that made the information statistically significant (P=0,009). The index of Mediterranean diet ≥ 14, which would be suggestive that people really eat all components of the Mediterranean diet, was found only in 292 of total 1647 of the respondents. Conclusion: Further efforts are needed to promote the Mediterranean diet as one of the ways of healthy life , not only as therapeutic options for people that are already diagnosed with a chronic disease. Despite the perception of how people on the Croatian islands and coastal areas are maintaing their diet according to the principles of the Mediterranean diet, in this study were obtained results that indicate just the opposite