Reference coordinate systems

Navigacija i određivanje položaja broda u plovidbi oduvijek su predstavljali izazov u pomorstvu. Definiranje koordinatnog sustava uvelike je doprinijelo snalaženju u prostoru. U ovom radu opisan je način određivanja točke u prostoru, odnosno obrađen je referentni koordinatni sustav. Pravokutni koordinatni sustav opisan je kao sustav pomoću kojeg se određuje položaj neke točke u prostoru, a zemljopisni koordinatni sustav kao sustav pomoću kojeg je definiran položaj neke točke na površini Zemlje. Da bismo što bolje razumjeli koordinatni sustav potrebno je poznavati oblik i veličinu Zemlje. Zemlja je oblika geoida, ali se zbog lakšeg matematičkog poimanja najčešće predstavlja kao kugla ili elipsoid, te su oblici Zemlje kao kugle i kao elipsoida opisani u radu.Navigation and determinating the position of the ship has always been a challenge during the voyage of ship. Defining a coordinate system has contributed to orientation a lot. In this paper the method of determining the position of point in space and also reference coordinate system have been described. Rectangular coordinate system is described as a system which is used to determine the position of some point in space and geographic coordinate system as a system which is used to determine the position of some point on the Earth's surface. In order to understand geographic coordinate system, it's important to be familiar with the shape and size of the Earth. The Earth has a form of Geoid, but because of an easier mathematical notion, it is often represented as a sphere or an ellipsoid and the definitions of Earth as a sphere or ellipsoid are described in the paper. Also, in this paper there is description of coordinte systems which are used in astronomical navigation