World market of decommissioned ships: yesterday, today, tomorrow

Pomorsko tržište može se odrediti kao kompleksan sustav omjera između ponude i potražnje brodskog prostora za prijevoz putnika i/ili tereta, novih brodova, rabljenih brodova i dotrajalih brodova. U skladu s time svjetsko pomorsko tržište može se podijeliti na tržište brodskog prostora za prijevoz putnika i/ili tereta, brodograđevno tržište, tržište rabljenih brodova te tržište rashodovanih brodova. Rashodovani brodovi jesu oni brodovi koji su iz određenog razloga prodani u rezalište za staro željezo. Na odluku o prodaji broda u rezališta utječu ekonomski, fizički, socijalni i tehnološki čimbenici. Analiza stanja na svjetskom tržištu rashodovanih brodova pokazala je da su se Tajvan i Sjeverna Koreja do sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća postupno nametnuli kao države s najvećim udjelom na tom tržištu, ali su krajem osamdesetih zadovoljile svoje potrebe za čelikom. Njihovo mjesto su krajem osamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća zauzeli Bangladeš, Indija, Pakistan te Kina, a te države i danas imaju najveće udjele na svjetskom tržištu rashodovanih brodova. Kina se nametnula zbog velike potrebe za čelikom koja iznosi gotovo polovicu svjetske potrebe za čelikom, dok su Bangladeš, Indija i Pakistan uvidjele mogućnost iskorištavanja plaža te jeftinog recikliranja dotrajalih brodova i korištenja čelika s tih brodova. Iako je u tim državama isplativije reciklirati brodove nego u Europi ili u SAD-u, u njima se svakodnevno krše radnička prava te međunarodni propisi o sigurnosti i zaštiti okoliša. Međutim, sve ozbiljniji konkurent je Turska. Pretpostavlja se da će te azijske države imati najveće udjele na svjetskom tržištu rashodovanih brodova i u bližoj budućnosti, da će broj rashodovanih brodova u narednim godinama opadati, ali da će rasti broj brodova odloženih na plažama.Maritime market can be defined as a complex system of the ratio between supply and demand for shipping space for the carriage of passengers and/or cargo, new ships, used ships and dismantled ships. Accordingly, the shipping market can be divided into the shipping market for the carriage of passengers and/or cargo, shipbuilding market, the market of used ships and market of dismantled ships. Dilapidated ships are those ships that are for some reason sold in the scrap yard for scrap metal. On the decision to sell the ship to scrap affect economic, physical, social and technological factors. Analysis of the situation in the world market of dismantled ships showed that the Taiwan and North Korea to the seventies gradually asserted itself as the country with the largest share in this market, but in the late eighties meet their needs for steel. Their place in the late eighties took Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and China and these countries still have the largest share in the global market of dismantled ships. China was imposed because of the great need for steel, which is nearly half of the world's needs for steel, while Bangladesh, India and Pakistan realized the possibility of exploitation of beaches and inexpensive recycling of old ships and the use of steel with these ships. Although in these countries is more cost-effective to recycle ships than in Europe or in the United States, there are daily violated workers' rights and international regulations on safety and environmental protection. However, as a serious competitor in the market enters Turkey. It is assumed that these Asian countries will have the largest shares in the global market of decommissioned ships in the near future and that the number of dismantled ships in the coming years will decline, but will grow the number of beached ships