AMBLYOPIA AS AN OPHTALMOLOGIC PROBLEM IN CHILDREN

Cilj istraživanja: Dokazati važnost što ranijeg otkrivanja rizičnih stanja, postojanja strabizma i refrakcijskih anomalija kroz trijaže te redovite preglede male djece u predškolskoj dobi u svrhu prevencije pojave ambliopije. Utvrditi važnost postojanja reverzibilnosti iste u ranom periodu života te potrebu za liječenjem djece u reverzibilnoj fazi. Ukazati na činjenicu da probirno testiranje vida, otkrivanje i liječenje ambliopije stvara zdravijeg pojedinca, a time i napredak društva s identitetom propoznatim u svijetu s razvijenom svijesti o važnosti zdravlja djece. Materijali i metode: Retrospektivna studija za koju su tijekom izrade analzirani podaci o broju liječene djece na Klinici za očne bolesti KBC-a Split u razdoblju od 02.11.2015. godine do 02.11.2016. godine. U ovom razdoblju na Kliniku za očne bolesti Split pregledano je 8.466 djece od kojih je 5.253. bilo u dobi od 3-5 godina. Svakom djetetu napravljen je kompletan oftalmološki pregled od prednjeg prema stražnjem očnom segmentu te su sva odstupanja i prisutnost anomalija i rizičnih faktora zabilježeni i odmah adekvatno zbrinuti u smislu korekcije nošenjem dioptrijskih naočala i okluzija. Sva djeca se trenutno prate na redovnim kontrolnim pregledima. Rezultati: Od 5.253 djece koji su bili u dobi od 3-5 godina, otkriveno je da njih 2.596 (49,42%) ima rizične poremećaje koji mogu dovesti do razvoja ambliopije od čega je njih 775 (14,75%) imalo strabizam, a kod 1.821 (34,67%) pronađene su refrakcijske anomalije na oba oka. Djeca sa strabizmom upućena su na ambulantu za strabizam gdje je utvrđeno da 457 (8,70%) ima konvergentni, a 318 (6,05%) divergentni tip. Od refrakcijskih anomalija, otkriveno je da su kod 792 (15,08%) vrijednosti skijaskopskog nalaza bile do +3.0 sferne dioptrije, a kod 358 (6,82%) spomenute vrijednosti bile su do -1.50 sferne dioptrije. Astigmatizam veći od 2.0 dpt bio je zabilježen kod 121 (2,30%) djeteta. Također, u 550 (10.47%) djece bila je prisutna monokularna slabovidnost zbog anizohipermetropije i to kod njih 324 (6,17%) te anizomiopije kod njih 226 (4,30%). Zaključak: Zbog visoke učestalosti rizičnih faktora u gotovo polovice ispitanika, ambliopija se treba što ranije detektirati te pravodobno liječiti jer je to jedina pravilna metoda uspješne prevencije.Objective: To prove the importance of early detection of risk factors, strabismus and refractive anomalyes, throughout triages and regular examinations within preschool children to prevent amblyopia. To ascertain the importance of reversibility of amblyopia in early life and need of correcting and treating risk factors in reversible phase. To point out the fact that screening program for visual examination, detection and treatment of amblyopia creates the healthier individual and also creates the advancement of society with an identity recognized in world and developed awareness of importance of childrens health. Materials and methods: This is an retrospective study which analyzed the number of treated children in Opftalmology Clinic in Clinical Health Center of Split in the period of 2nd of November 2015 to 2nd of November 2016. During this period, 8.466 children were examined and 5.253 out of them were in the age od 3-5 years old. Each child went through complete ophtalmologic examination from anterior to posterior segment of eyeball. All deviations from normal results and existance of anomalies and risc factors were noted and immediately taken care of with adequate correction therapies (dioptric glasses and oclusions). From then, all children are being regulary examined. Results: Out of 5.253 children at the age of 3-5 (which is the key age for adequate correction and prevention of amblyopia), 2.596 (49,42%) had risk factors which can lead to development of amblyopia. 775 (14,75%) of them had strabismus and 1.821 (34,67%) had refractive anomalies on both eyes. Out of 775 children with strabismus, 457 (8,70%) had convergent one and 318 (6,05%) had the divergent one. 792 (15,08%) children with refractive anomalies had skiaskopic results to +3.0 SD and 358 (6,28%) had those results to -1.50 SD. Astigmatism larger than 2.0 dpt was noted with 121 (2,30%) children. Also, 550 (10,47%) children had monocular amblyopia where 324 (6,17%) of them had it because of anisohypermetropia and 226 (4,30%) because of anisomyopia. Conclusion: Due to high prevalence of risk factors in examined children, amblyopia should be detected and treated as soon as possible because that is the only correct method to efficiently prevent it