Basic Physical Principles

In this chapter, the basic concepts behind broadband microwave reflectometry (BMR) are recalled. First, a brief overview of the transmission line theory is provided, and the most common electromagnetic structures are introduced. Secondly, the major parameters that are used to characterize electrical networks are introduced, and the related theoretical background is briefly discussed. Finally, a short overview on dielectric spectroscopy is provided, thus anticipating its connection with reflectometric measurements