Terrestrial true-bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Eastern Beskidy Mountains – origin of fauna

True-bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are thermophilic group of insects, present in almost all land ecosystems, in freshwater or even on the ocean surface. In numerous habitats Heteroptera have high abundance and species diversity. Because of its commonness they can be treated as bioindicators of the changes in the environment. Research material was collected in south-western part of Eastern Beskidy Mountains, located in three mesoregions: Pogórze Ciężkowickie, Pogórze Jasielskie and Beskid Niski. Research was conducted in years 2012–2015. Material was collected on 27 sites, where there were a various plant communities. Altogether 262 species of true-bugs were identified, which comprises 38% of terrestrial Heteroptera of Poland. Among them 4 species have not been reported previously in the country: Psallus montanus, Charagochilus spiralifer, Dimorphopterus blissoides, and Ischnodemus quadratus. Moreover, that 46 species were recorded in Eastern Beskidy Mountains for the first time. The collected material was analyzed in terms of frequency and abundance, effectiveness of various methods of material collecting, chorology and trophic relations. Compare species composition of Heteroptera on 4 selected areas of research and established potential species diversity of true-bugs. Also, selected rarely collected species in Polish which were collected during the research were characterized, with a special focus of the distribution of its sites. Analysis of origin of Heteroptera of Eastern Beskidy Mountains was conducted and the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the formation of entomofauna were characterized. Economic importance of ondawski migratory route was also presented