Oddziaływanie atramentów oraz pigmentów na podłoże papierowe : klasyfikacja i charakterystyka najważniejszych pigmentów stosowanych w zbiorach bibliotecznych

The purpose of this article is to present the characteristics and segregation of inks and pigments used in library collections in various historical periods, as well as the capability for their recognition. Pigments are colorful substances, in their fragmented state used for manufacturing of paints, as well as dyeing paper, rubber, synthetic fabrics, plastics, and ceramics. They are divided into organic and non-organic; these in turn are divided into natural and artificial. According to the contemporary electron theory, the color of an organic compound is caused by the presence of bonded π electron sets within, which are easily excited, absorbing the radiation of a determined wavelength in the visible spectrum; the unabsorbed spectrum components are reflected, giving out the notion of color. In the classic theory, the color depends on the presence of groups called chromophores within the particle. The color compound becomes a pigment only after introducing an atom group called the auxochrome into the particle