Biofouling Processes in Industry - Fouling on artificial substrata

Biofouling on artificial substrata results from several processes, whose rate and extent are influenced by the intertwining of numerous physical, chemical and biological factors in the immediate proximity of the surface. The importance of substratum features in influencing species settlement is considered here. An emphasis is given on how biological systems (micro- and macrofouling) can interplay with the nature of substratum in regulating patterns of biofouling development. The environmental issues related to the deployment of man-made structures in coastal waters are also discussed, and some guidelines on the use of artificial substrata in the management strategies for controlling fouling in industry are provided