Turbulence

The scope of this chapter is to recall some of the bases of turbulence theory and modeling methods. The emphasis is put on turbulent flow features that are of primary interest for turbulent flow prediction and modeling: turbulent scales, energy cascade, vorticity, turbulence production and dissipation. Then, some basics notions about turbulence modeling are reviewed and the advantages and limitations of the more frequently used types of turbulence models are discussed. The reader interested in more in-depth discussions of the subject is referred to relevant textbooks