ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DANGEROUS CARGO IN SEA TRANSPORT

U današnje vrijeme više od 80 % robe se prevozi morem, brodovima koji su namijenjeni za transport određenih vrsta tereta. Upravo zbog specifičnosti tereta postoje brodovi koji su konstrukcijski predodređeni za transport istih. Njihove osobine proizlaze iz zahtjeva koji se temelje na sigurnosti broda, tereta, okoliša, a ponajviše ljudskih života. Takve sigurnosne zahtjeve propisala je Međunarodna pomorska organizacija. Ovaj rad zasniva se na brojnim saznanjima sažetim ponajprije proučavanjem MARPOL 73/78 konvencije i kodeksa povezanih s njenim prilozima, budući da oni predstavljaju osnovu za ekološki razborit prijevoz takvih tereta morem. Sigurnosni aspekti posade i broda kod prijevoza takvih tereta morem razmotreni su načelima definiranim prema SOLAS konvenciji. U skladu s navedenim, u radu će se analizirati opasnosti koje mogu uslijediti tijekom prijevoza opasnih tereta, njihovim rukovanjem, segregaciji tereta i ostalom.Today, more than 80 % of goods are transported by sea, with ships that are intended for the carriage of certain types of cargo. Because of the specificity of the cargo, there are ships that are constructed specifically for that type of cargo. Their specifications arise from requirements based on the safety of the ship, the cargo, the environment and most important human life. Such security requirements are conditioned by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This paper is based on a number of findings summarized primarily by studying MARPOL 73/78 Convention and Codes Associated with its Annexes, as they form the basis for ecologically sound transport of such cargoes by sea. The safety aspects of the crew and ship in the carriage of such cargoes are considered by the principles defined in the SOLAS Convention. In accordance with the above, the paper will analyze the dangers that may arise when transporting dangerous goods, their handling, segregation of cargo etc