UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS IN CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACTS

U današnje vrijeme ugovori o kreditu postali su sredstvo za ispunjavanje svakodnevnih životnih potreba građana. U tom smislu, potrebno je razlikovati obične ugovore o kreditu iz Zakona o obveznim odnosima od potrošačkih ugovora o kreditu. Naime, pojam ugovora kao pravni posao zaključen suglasnim očitovanjem volja dviju ugovornih strana sve više postaje fictio iuris. Ugovori koji banke ili neke druge kreditne institucije nameću potrošačima nerijetko postavljaju svoje uvjete poslovanja, koje sadrže nepoštene ugovorne odredbe, dovodeći tako u pitanje ravnopravnost stranaka. Do usvajanja posebnih zakonskih pravila na opće uvjete ugovora dolazi tek sredinom druge polovice 20. stoljeća. Potrebe potrošača dovele su do toga da je 5.travnja 1993. godine donesena Direktiva Vijeća 93/13 o nepoštenim ugovornim odredbama u ugovorima o potrošačkim kreditima, koja je izmijenjena i dopunjena Direktivom 2011/83 o pravima potrošača. U hrvatskom pravu relevantne odredbe koje se odnose na zaštitu potrošača, propisane su i Zakonom o obveznim odnosima, Zakonom o zaštiti potrošača i Zakonom o potrošačkom kreditiranju. Naravno, sve to u skladu sa europskim acquisom, odnosno Direktivom 93/13. Pojedine odredbe detaljno su analizirane u radu, a sve to popraćeno je primjerima iz prakse suda EU. Slijedom toga, glavni cilj rada je prvenstveno upoznati se s mehanizmom kontrole općih uvjeta poslovanja, koji kroz koncept nepoštenih ugovornih odredbi poznaje i naš zakonodavac, te prikazati rješenja, kako prakse ES-a, tako i nacionalnog zakonodavstva.Nowadays, credit contracts have become a means of meeting the everyday needs of citizens. In this regard, it is necessary to distinguish the concept of the ordinary credit contract of the Civil Obligations Act, from the consumer credit contract. The term of the contract, as a legal transaction concluded trough an according manifestation of the will of the contracting parties is increasingly becoming fictio iuris. Credit contracts that banks or other credit institutions impose consumers often set their own business terms, which include unfair contract terms, undermining in that way the equality of contracting parties. The adoption of specific legal rules on general terms and conditions comes in the middle of the second half of the 20th century. Consumer needs have led that on the April 5, 1993 Council adopted Directive 93/13 on Unfair Contract Terms in contracts on consumer credits, as amended by Directive 2011/83 on the rights of consumers. In Croatian law the relevant provisions relating to consumer protection, are prescribed by the Civil Obligations Act, Consumer Protection Act and the Act on Consumer Credit. Of course, all this is in line with the European acquis , and Directive 93/13 EEC. Some provisions are analyzed in detail in this work, and all that is followed with the practices of the EU Court. Consequently, the main aim of this work is to get familiar with the mechanisms of control in general business conditions, that through the concept of unfair contractual terms knows our legislator, and display solutions , to practice EU Court, as well as national legislation